Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving

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Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving

• Chapter 1

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Practice problems Tro 1.8-1.15, 1.37-1.42
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Ionic compounds

• Composed of ions held together by electrostatic
  attractions
• Composed of metals bonded to nonmetals
• Represented by empirical formulas

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Covalent Compounds

• Discrete molecules where atoms are joined by
  shared electron bonds or covalent bondsComposed
  of nonmetals bonded to nonmetalsRepresented by
  structural formulas

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Metallic compounds

• Composed of metals bonded to metals
• Will see more in chem 142

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Physical and Chemical Properties

• A physical property is one that can be observed
  without changing the makeup of a substance.
• Color, conductivity, density, melting point,
  boiling point, density, hardness, and solubility
• Changes that occur when observing physical
  properties are called physical changes.

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Physical and Chemical Properties

• A chemical property describes a chemical change
  (chemical reaction) that a substance undergoes.
• Rusting of iron and caramelization of sugar are
  chemical changes.

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• A sample of calcium (an electrically conducting
  white metal that is shiny, relatively soft, melts
  at 850oC, and boils at 1440oC) was placed into
  liquid water that was at 25oC. The calcium
  reacted slowly with the water to give bubbles of
  gaseous hydrogen and a solution of the substance
  calcium hydroxide.
• What are the physical and chemical properties
  described above?

Practice problems Tro 1.16-1.17, 1.44-1.50
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Intensive Properties

• Do not depend on the amount of sample present.

Extensive Properties

• Depend on the amount of sample present..

Practice problem Tro 1.97
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Practice problems Tro 1.53-1.59
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Conversion Factors
1 in 2.54 cm
1 lb 454 g or 1 kg 2.20 lb
1 qt 946 ml or 1 L 1.06 qt
Practice problems Tro 1.83-1.90
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• Which will require greater stamina and endurance
  on your part, an utterly boring 1-hr lecture or
  an equally boring micro-century lecture?

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• Aerogel or solid smoke is a novel material that
  is made of silicon dioxide, like glass, but is a
  thousand times less dense than glass because it
  is extremely porous. Material scientists at
  NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory created the
  lightest aerogel ever in 2002, with a density of
  0.00011 lb/in3. The material was used for
  thermal insulation in the 2003 Mars Exploration
  Rover. If the maximum space for insulation in
  the spacecrafts hull is 2510 cm3, what mass (in
  grams) will the aerogel insulation add to the
  spacecraft?

Practice problems Tro 1.91-1.95, 1.105,
1.111-119
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Temperature
Temperature
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• Convert 25oC to oF
• Convert 25oF to oC.

Practice problems Tro 1.51-1.54
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New Temperature Scales

• In the Willard temperature scale, water freezes
  at 345oW and boils at 745oW. Convert 36oC to oW.

Practice problems Tro 1.98-1.100
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• If diamonds cost 12960/scruple, what is the cost
  of diamonds per cubic inch?
• (density of diamond 3.51 g/cm3, 5 ct 0.7716
  scruple, 1 ct 0.20000 g)

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• The density of alcohol at 20oC is 0.79 g/mL. The
  density of benzene at the same temperature is
  0.88 g/mL. How many liters of alcohol would you
  get if you bought a pound of alcohol?

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• Marvin is going on a cottage cheese diet. He
  will allow himself 1080 calories per day. If one
  pint of cottage cheese contains 180 calories, how
  many gallons of cottage cheese may Marvin consume
  in one week?
• (1 qt 2 pts, 1 gallon 4 qt)

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• An ore bed in an open pit gold mine yields 0.035
  oz of gold per ton of ore. The mine operates 20
  hr/day and shows an average profit of 25000 per
  day. It costs 200.00/oz to extract the gold
  from the ore and gold is selling for 325.00/oz.
  If the ore trucks have a capacity of 85 tons, how
  many trips per hour must they make to achieve
  this level of productivity?

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• Harrys dog eats 2.00 lb of dog food per day.
  Harry pays 18.00 for a 50.00 lb sack of dog
  food. How much does it cost to feed Harrys dog
  for 12 years?