CAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN SPACE EXPLORATION ENHANCE GLOBAL SECURITY?

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CAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN SPACE
EXPLORATION ENHANCE GLOBAL SECURITY?

• JOHN M. LOGSDON
• SPACE POLICY INSTITUTE
• ELLIOTT SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
• GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• WASHINGTON, DC

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THERE ARE MANY REASONS WHY NATIONS COOPERATE IN
SPACE

• To share costs
• To increase the pool of scientific and technical
  expertise that can be applied to a particular
  space undertaking
• To increase domestic political support for a
  project
• As a means of demonstrating leadership
• To forge positive relationships that have impacts
  beyond a particular project
• Within the space sector
• Beyond the space sector

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MAKING THE SPACE STATION INTERNATIONAL

• NASA will invite other countries to participate
  so we can strengthen peace, build prosperity, and
  expand freedom for all who share our goals.
• President Ronald Reagan, January 25, 1984

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• LUNAR EXPLORATION THEME
• GLOBAL PARTNERSHIPS
• Provide a challenging, shared and peaceful
  activity that unites nations in pursuit of common
  objectives.

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DEVELOPING A GLOBAL EXPLORATION STRATEGY
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HOW COULD WE KNOW IF SPACE COOPERATION ENHANCES
GLOBAL SECURITY?

• Need first of all to understand what leads to
  global security
• Contending perspectives
• Realist international relations are
  characterized by a struggle for power, changing
  alliances, threat and use of force. Security a
  result of balance of power at a particular time.
• Liberal international relations are
  characterized by complex interdependence. Create
  security by expanding and institutionalizing
  cooperation.
• Identity international relations determined by
  what people and states believe. Common ideas,
  norms, and values promote security

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PEACE BY PIECESTHE FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE

• Argues that cooperation in specific technical
  (functional) sectors will reduce international
  conflict and will eventually lead to integration
  across sectors
• Key mechanism is the habit of cooperation, which
  will spill over new to sectors
• European Union is seen as leading example of this
  process

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IS THE ISS AN EXAMPLE OF THE FUNCTIONALIST
PERSPECTIVE?

• Some alliances are more than collaborative
  regimes they are arrangements for joint
  decision making in which states care about the
  joint power of the alliance and in which they
  attach interests to their allies interests. They
  commit themselves to act neither unilaterally nor
  without concern for the needs of their allies.
  Such alliances entail collective interests,
  sympathy, and solidarity.
• Arthur Stein, Why Nations Cooperate (1990)

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A STRAW IN THE WIND?

• The United States should cooperate with other
  nations (with France specifically called out) in
  sharing space situational awareness data.
• Air Force Chief of Staff General Michael Moseley,
  April 11, 2007

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• "As we leave the Moon at Taurus-Littrow, we leave
  as we came, and God willing, as we shall return,
  with peace and hope for all mankind.
• Eugene Cernan, Apollo 17 Commander, December 14,
  1972