MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

• HUMAN BODY ORIENTATION

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ANATOMY

• MORPHOLOGY

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PHYSIOLOGY

• FUNCTION

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MOLECULAR HIERARCHY

• SUBATOMIC
• Electrons
• Neutrons
• Protons
• ATOM
• MOLECULE

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HEIRARCHY CONT.

• MACROMOLECULES
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Nucleic acids

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HIERARCHY CONT.

• CELL (CYTOLOGY CELL BIOLOGY)
• NUCLEUS
• CELL MEMBRANE (plasma membrane, phospholipid
  bilayer)
• CYTOPLASM (cytosol)
• MITOCHONDRIA (cellular respiration conversion of
  glucose to carbon dioxide and water and ATP)

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HIERARCHY CONT.

• CELL
• LYSOSOME (digestive enzymes)
• PEROXISOMES (detoxification, especially alcohol)
• ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• SMOOTH ER (synthesis of lipids, detox, drug
  tolerance)
• ROUGH ER (protein assembly)
• GOLGI APPARATUS (post-translational modification)

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Hierarchy cont

• CELL
• NUCLEUS (in eukaryotes, protects genetic info)
• FLAGELLA AND CILIA (cell movement 92 array)

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HIERARCHY CONT

• TISSUE (HISTOLOGY)
• EPITHELIAL (epithelium and endothelium, glands)
• CONNECTIVE (dense connective like bone, adipose,
  loose connective like blood vessels, and blood
  and lymph)
• MUSCLE (cardiac, smooth, skeletal)
• NERVOUS (nerves, spinal cord, brain)

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HIERARCHY CONT

• ORGANS (see Table 2.2)
• ORGAN SYSTEMS
• RESPIRATORY
• NERVOUS
• DIFESTIVE
• CIRCULATORY
• ALL LEADS TO HUMA ORGANISM

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ANATOMY

• BODY PLANES
• VERTICAL (rt angle to horizon)
• MIDSAGITTAL vertical, rt and left halves
• SAGITTAL unequal left and right portions
• CORONAL- divides into anterior and posterior

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ANATOMY

• BODY DIRECTIONS
• ANTERIOR/VENTRAL
• POSTERIOR/DORSAL
• SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR
• CEPHALIC AND CAUDAL
• PROXIMAL AND DISTAL
• MEDIAL AND LATERAL

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BODY CAVITIES

• DORSAL (cranial and spinal)
• VENTRAL
• Thoracic- ends at diaphragm
• Abdominal
• Pelvic- mainly reproduction and excretion
• abdominopelvic

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Abdominal divisions

• Right upper
• Left upper
• Right lower
• Left lower

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ABDOMEN AND THORAX REGIONS

• RT AND LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC
• EPIGASTRIC
• RT AND LEFT LUMBAR
• UMBILICAL
• RT AND LEFT ILIAC
• HYPOGASTRIC

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PERITONEUM
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PERITONEUM

• Membrane
• Parietal outer
• Visceral inner
• Mesentery
• Retroperitoneal
• Ascites fluid in peritoneum

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CYTOLOGY

• DNA
• GENES
• MUTATION (somatic vs gametic)
• Genetic disorders
• Huntingtons disease
• Cystic fibrosis
• Hemophilia
• Down syndrome

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GENETIC DISORDER CONT

• Sickle cell anemia
• Tay sachs
• Phenylketouria
• Genetic vs congenital
• Fetal alcohol syndrome
• Cerebral palsy

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WORD PARTS

• OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

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PUTTING THEM TOGETHER

• o IS COMMON COMBINING VOWEL
• IF ENDS IN CONSONANT
• IF COMBING TWO OR MORE ROOT WORDS
• o NOT NEEDED IF SUFFIX BEGINS IN A VOWEL

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SIMPLE COMBING FORMS

• PREFIXES
• OFTEN DENOTE TIME, LOCATION OR STATUS
• Pre-, peri-, post-
• A- without
• Ab-away from
• Eu good
• Dys-bad

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Prefixes cont.

• Hyper-above
• Hypo-below
• Inter-between
• Intra-within
• Sub below
• Super- or supra- beyond
• Oligo-few

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PREFIXES CONT.

• BODY SYSTEMS
• OSTEO- BONES
• ARTHRO- JOINTS
• CHONDRO- CARTILAGE
• MYO MUSCLES
• CARDIO-HEART
• PHLEB- VEINS
• ARTERIO- ARTERIES

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BODY SYSTEMS PREFIXES

• HEMA- OR HEMAT- BLOOD
• SPLENO- SPLEEN
• NAS-NOSE
• PNUEMO-LUNGS
• ORO-MOUTH
• GASTRO-STOMACH
• ENTERO-SMALL INTESTINE
• COLO-LARGE INTESTINE

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BODY SYSTEM PREFIXES

• HEPATO-LIVER
• NEPHR- OR REN- KIDNEYS
• CYST-, VESSICO- URINARY BLADDER
• NEUR- NERVOUS SYSTEM
• ENCEPHAL-BRAIN
• MYELO-SPINAL CORD
• OPTHAL, OR OCUL- EYES
• OT-, ACOUST- EARS

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BODY SYSTEM PREFIXES

• CUTAN-, DERMAT SKIN
• SEB- SEBACEOUS GLANDS
• HIDR-SWEAT GLANDS
• ORCH-TESTES
• OOPHOR-, OVARI- OVARIES
• HYSTER-, MET-, UTER- UTERUS

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SUFFIXES

• Often indicate procedure, disorder, or disease
• Ectomy to remove
• Tonsillectomy
• ac pertaining to
• -itis inflammation of
• - osis abnormal condition

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SUFFIXES CONT

• - dynia, - algia pain or suffering (cephalgia,
  gastrodynia
• - malcia abnormal softening (arteiomalacia)
• - megaly enlargement (hepatomegaly)
• - necrosis death (caessation necrosis Tb)
• - sclerosis abnormal hardening
  (arteriosclerosis)
• - stenosis abnormal narrowing (pyloric stenosis)

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SUFFIXES CONT

• PROCEDURES
• - centesis fluid removal (amniocentesis)
• - ectomy removal
• - graphy, - gram picture (arteriography,
  pyelogram)
• - plasty to repair (rhinoplasty)
• - scopy visual exam (colonoscopy, endoscopy)

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SUFFIXES

• THE IMMPORTANT RRS
• - rrhaphy to suture (splenorrhaphy)
• - rrhage bursting forth (hemorrhage)
• - rrhea abnormal flow (diarrhea, amenorrhea)
• - rrhexis rupure (splenorrhexis)

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BASIC MEDICAL TERMS

• EPIDEMIOLOGY
• SYMPTOM SUBJECTIVE
• SIGN, CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OBJECTIVE
• DIAGNOSIS
• Differential
• Prognosis

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BASIC MEDICAL TERMS

• DISEASE
• CHRONIC VS ACUTE
• SYNDROME COMPILATION OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• REMISSION ABSENCE OF SYMPTOMS WITHOUT A CURE
• EPIDEMIC VIS ENDEMIC, PANDEMIC
• TRANSMISSION
• INCUBATION PERIOD

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BASIC MEDICAL TERMS

• INFECTIOUS DISEASE
• COMMUNICABLE
• IDIOPATHIC
• NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
• IATROGENCI DISORDER

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CONFUSING WORD PARTS

• ARTERIO- AND ATHERO-
• ILEUM AND ILIUM
• INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION
• MUCOUS AND MUCUS
• MYC-, MYEL-, AND MY-
• -OSTOMY AND OTOMY
• PALPATION AND PALPITATION
• PROSTATE AND PROSTRATE

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CONFUSING WORD PARTS CONT

• SUPPINATION AND SUPPURATION
• PYELO-, PYO-, AND PYRO-
• TRIAGE AND TRAUMA
• VIRAL AND VIRILE

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COLOR WORD PARTS

• ERTYTH- RED (erythrocyte, erthroblastoma fetalis)
• MELAN- WHITE (malignant melanoma, melanosis)
• CYAN- BLUE (cyanosis, cyanotic)
• LEUK-WHITE (leukocyte, leukemia)
• POLI- GRAY (poliomyelitis)
• 0

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