PRODUCTS OF INCINERATION

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PRODUCTS OF INCINERATION
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• Products of incineration
• sifting
• fine material include ash, metal fragments,
  glass, unburnt organic substances etc..
• residue
• all solid material that are left after
  incineration
• remove continuously or in batches

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• clinker and fly ash
• 10 is the fused ashes, etc.. is use as
  component of cement, concrete or road making.
• the fly ash comes from the gas scrubbing unit
• the quantity of fly ash usually 12 15 kg/tonne
  of refuse
• also used in cement making, concrete, brick and
  road making

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• suspended particulates
• flue gas
• vented air emitted from a chimney after
  combustion in burner. It can include nitrogen
  oxides, carbon dioxides, water vapor, sulfur
  dioxides, particles and many chemical pollutants
• (FSL)

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• the equipments used to remove are
• the fabric filter almost 100 efficiency
• electronic precipitations -96 100 efficiency

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• wet scrubbers 94 97
• cyclones 60 65
• settling chamber 10 30
• wetted baffle spray 10 53

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• waste gas
• removed via the stack
• the high and diameter depends amount of climatic
  and lanscaping of the area

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• heavy metal
• found in the stack gas, bottom ash, filter dust
  or in salt and sludges from dust cleaning
• the heavy metal are
• Cd, Cl, Cr, Cu, F, Pb, Hg, Ni, S and Zn.

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Distribution of heavy metal in incinerator residue
Fraction Stack gas Bottom ash Filter dust Salt and sludges from gas cleaning
Cadmium 0.04 11 85 3.6
Chlorine 0.12 9 15 76
Chromium 0.01 94 5.8 0.27
Copper 0.01 95 4.9 0.53
Fluorine 1.5 69 3.0 26
Lead 0.01 75 24 0.9
Mercury 2.1 7 5.1 86
Nickel 0.04 87 13 0.61
Sulphur 0.47 50 10 40
Zinc 0.05 49 51 0.7
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• Acid Gas
• SO2, HCL and HF can be remove by three methods
• wet method
• Dry method
• semi dry method
• Wet method
• Pollutions are removed by large quantities of
  slaked lime or aqueous sodium hydroxide in
  Ventury scrubbing system

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• The limestone mixed by two ways
• with the waste before incineration
• introduce separately into the furnace
• Semi dry method
• used a spray of lime (CaO) mixed with water into
  the flue gas flow

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Dioxin control

• Organic pollutant high level of toxicity
• Persistence in the environment
• The emission of dioxin can be control with
  further treated of flue gas by
• adsorption onto activated carbon filters
• catalyst uses
• mix metal oxide catalyst
• destroy the dioxin by reaction with O2

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• NOx controlled by in fluidised bed incinerator by
  controlling the amount of air inlet to the
  cobustion process
• Where NOx production cannot be prevented, it is
  remove by the injection of urea or ammonia into
  the flue gas.

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• Advantages of incineration
• incineration is sanitary, odourless and dustless
• residue only 20 of the original weight and can
  be used for making cement and other materials for
  construction industry
• require very little space and very few personnel

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• can be located centrally even within the town
  and reducing transportation costs.
• energy production and other by-product could
  generated revenue
• ash and other residue are pathogen-free
• pre sorting and recycle could be incorporated
  and this reduces the volume to be incinerated

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• Disadvantages of incineration
• high capital cost and high operating cost
• take time to plan, design construction
• require skill personnel
• disposal of ash require landfill
• may cause air pollution and long term
  environmental effect

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• THANK YOU