Various Sectors of Development

1
Various Sectors of Development
Community
Economy
Education
Development
Social
Rural
Infrastructure
Industry
Agriculture
2
Economic Development

• Changes in a country that involve increase in
  productivity
• Productivity is measured in various ways, e.g.
• GNP - Gross National Product
• - Total cumulative production in a year
  that consists of incomes or revenues from
  the various sectors.

3

• Other economic indicators
• Income Per Capita
• Economic Growth or of GNP
• Number of SMIs, large industries, or
  MNCs.
• Economic development is always equated with
  quantitative increase of assets.

4
Social Development

• Changes in a population that involves improvement
  in Quality of Life.
• Indicators
• Better education
• of population with tertiary education
• Rate of literacy
• Better health
• Life expectancy
• Infant Mortality Rate
• Toddler Mortality Rate

5

• Social integration
• Ethnic, religion, culture
• Urban and rural areas
• West and East Malaysia
• Sound social development is important for
  economic stability.

6
Infrastructural Development

• Changes in physical amenities such as
  transportation system (highways), electricity and
  water supplies, and other public facilities such
  as buildings for commerce, administration, and
  public services.
• Infrastructural development is positively related
  to changes in economic and social development.

7
Industrial Development

• Involves changes in the various types of
  industries such as manufacturing, electrical and
  electronic (EE), SMIs, high-technology
  industries, downstream industries and agro-based
  industries
• Important for employment and for contribution to
  GNP.
• For domestic and export.

8
Agricultural Development

• Involves changes in the production of
  agricultural commodities such palm-oil, paddy,
  livestock, forestry, fruits and vegetables.
• Changes are accompanied by the use of
  agricultural technologies such as improved
  high-yielding varieties, fertilizers, pesticides,
  agricultural management and drainage system.
• Agricultural production contributes to economic
  development.

9
Rural Development

• Comprises agricultural development and the
  development of the population in the rural areas.
• Broader concept that also involves development in
  health, infrastructure and social.

10
REFERENCE

• Look for relevant articles at
• COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL
• http//www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/cdj/abo
  ut.html