Discontinuous variation trait ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????

1
????????????????????????????????????????

• ??????????? ?????????

2

• Discontinuous variation trait ???????????????????
  ?? ??????????????????????????
• Continuous variation trait ??????????????????
  ????????????????????

3
Discontinuous variation trait

• ????????????????????????????????
• Monohybrid cross
• Dihibrid cross (punnett square or fork line)
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• Incomplete dominance
• codominance
• multiple alleles

• linkage
• sex-linked gene
• sex influenced traits
• sex limited traits

4
????????????????

• Complete dominant (???????????) ??????????????
• Incomplete dominant (??????????????)
• Co-dominant (??????????????)
• ???? A ?????????????????? a ??????????????????

???????????????? ?????????????? ????? Genotype ???? Aa
Complete dominance Incomplete dominance Co-dominance ???????? ????????? ?????????????????
5
Linked gene

• ???????????????? 2 ?????? ????????????????????????
  ???????????

6
??????????????? (multiple alleles)

• ????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?
  ??????? 2 ??????
• ?????????????? ????????? ??????????????
  ????????????????????? ?????????????
• C gt Cch gt Ch gt c

7

• C Wild type, agouti

8
Cch Chinchilla
9
Ch Himalayan
10
c albino
11
??????????????????????????????????????????

1. CchCh
2. ChCh
3. Cc
4. cc
5. CCch

Chinchilla Himalayan agouti, wild
type albino agouti, wild type
12
?????????????

• ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
  Chinchilla ??? ?????????? 1 1
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????? ???????????????? Cc x
  Chc

13
????????????? (Sex-influenced inheritance)
B ????????????? B ?????????????
Genotype phenotype phenotype
Genotype ??? ????
BB ?????????? ??????????
BB ??????? ??????????
BB ??????? ???????
14
???????????????????????????
H ????? H ????????
Genotype phenotype phenotype
Genotype ?????? ???????
HH ????? ?????
HH ????? ????????
HH ???????? ????????
15
????????????????? (Sex-limited inheritance)
H ?????? Hen-feather ????????? h ??????
Cock-feather ????????
genotype ??????? ??????
HH Hen-feather Hen-feather
Hh Hen-feather Hen-feather
hh Hen-feather Cock-feather
16
??????????? (sex determination)
1. XX/XY sex chromosomes
human, mammals, fruit fly
17
sex determination
2. XX/X0 sex determination
Insects? grasshoppers, crickets, cockroaches
3. ZW sex chromosomes
birds , some insects , other organisms
4. Haplo-diploid sex-determination
insects ? Hymenoptera, such as ants and bees
18
???????????????? (Sex-linked gene)
19
X-linked gene

• ?????????? (hemophilia)
• (???????) red-green color blindness
• ???????????? (congenital night blindness)
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy
• G-6-PD deficiency

20
hemophilia
Hemophilia A/B

• ???????????????????????? ??? factor VIII or IX

21
Sex-linked inheritance
hemophilia
22
Sex-linked inheritance
hemophilia
23
(No Transcript)
24
????????

• ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ?? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ??????

25
color blindness

• colorblindness

26
(No Transcript)
27
Duchenne muscular dystrophy

• ????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????
  ??????????????????
• ?????
• ????????????????????????
• ???????? ???

28
G-6-PD deficiency

• Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
• ???????????????? G6PD ???????????
• G6PD ????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????
• ???????????????
• ???????????????
• ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????

29
???????????????????? G6PD
30
Y-inheritance
Y-linked gene

• Hair ears

31
??????? (polygenes) ???? ???????????? (multiple
genes)

• ?????????????????????????????? 1 ???????
  ????????????????????????????????? ????????
  Continuous variation trait
• ???????????????? quantitative trait ????
  polygenic trait ??????? ??????????????????????????
  ?????? (loci) ??? polygene ???? multiple genes
• ????? ??????? ????

32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
???????????????????? (Pedigree)
36
(No Transcript)
37
????????????????????????????????? ????
???????????
38
(No Transcript)
39

• ??????????????????? ???????????????
  ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????
  ???????????? ?????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? ???????? ?
  ?????????? ????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ??????????? ????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????? ???????????????????????????????????
  ??? ??? ?? ??????????????????????