BONES OF UPPER EXTREMITY

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BONES OF UPPER EXTREMITY
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Sternum

• Manubrium
• Sternal (jugular) notch
• Clavicular and costal facets
• Sternal angle (of Louis)
• Marks location of second ribs.
• Body of sternum
• Sternebrae
• Xiphoid process

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Clavicle Shape

• Sigmoid
• Convex anteriorly
• Concave posteriorly

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Clavicle Ligament Attachments

• Sternal end of clavicle to first costal
  cartilage
• Costoclavicular ligament
• Conoid tubercle
• Conoid portion of coracoclavicular ligament
• Trapezoid line
• Trapezoid portion of coracoclavicular ligament

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Clavicle Muscle Attachments

• Deltoid
• Pectoralis major
• Trapezius
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Subclavius

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Scapula

• Crosses ribs 2 through 7 in anatomical position.

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Scapula Posterior Surface

• Scapular spine
• Supraspinous fossa
• Infraspinous fossa
• Spinoglenoid notch
• Medial (vertebral border)
• Superior angle
• Inferior angle

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Scapula Anterior Surface

• Subscapular fossa
• Scapular (suprascapular) notch

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Scapula Coracoid Process

• Muscle attachments
• Biceps brachii brevis
• Coracobrachialis
• Pectoralis minor

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Scapular Processes

• Acromion process
• Glenoid process
• Articulation with head of humerus.
• Supraglenoid tubercle
• Biceps brachii longus tendon
• Infraglenoid tubercle
• Triceps longus

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Humerus

• Anatomical neck
• Surgical neck
• Head
• Medial supracondylar ridge (crest)
• Lateral supracondylar ridge (crest)
• Medial epicondyle
• Lateral epicondyle
• Deltoid tuberosity

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Humerus Anterior Surface

• Greater tubercle (tuberosity)
• Superior facet (for supraspinatus muscle)
• Middle facet (for infraspinatus muscle)
• Inferior facet (for teres minor muscle)
• Lesser tubercle (tuberosity)
• For subscapularis muscle
• Intertubercular groove
• For latissimus dorsi muscle

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Humerus Anterior Surface

• Crest of greater tubercle (lateral lip)
• For pectoralis major muscle
• Crest of lesser tubercle (medial lip)
• For teres major muscle
• Radial fossa
• Coronoid fossa
• Capitulum
• Trochlea

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Humerus Posterior Surface

• Spiral (radial) groove
• For radial nerve and deep brachial artery
• Origin of lateral triceps superior to groove
• Origin of medial triceps inferior to groove
• Olecranon fossa

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Radius

• Head
• Articulates with capitulum of humerus
• Fovea
• Neck
• Just distal to head
• Styloid process
• Distal, lateral process
• Articular surface for scaphoid bone
• Articular surface for lunate bone

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Radius

• Ulnar notch
• At distal end of radius on medial side
• Interosseous margin
• On medial side
• For attachment of interosseous membrane
• Anterior margin
• Radial tuberosity (bicipital tuberosity)
• Insertion for biceps brachii muscle

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Radius

• Posterior margin
• Dorsal tubercle
• Groove to extensor pollicis longus is lateral.
• Groove for extensor carpi radialis longus and
  brevis is medial.
• Groove for extensor digitorum and indicis muscles

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Ulna

• Interosseous margin
• Head (distal)
• Styloid process
• Distal, medial
• Radial notch
• At proximal end

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Ulna

• Trochlear notch
• Articulates with trochlea of humerus
• Coronoid process
• Tuberosity
• Anterior border

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Ulna

• Supinator fossa
• Supinator crest
• Posterior border
• Olecranon process
• For insertion of triceps

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Carpus

• Proximal row of bones (radial to ulnar)
• Scaphoid
• Tubercle of scaphoid
• Lunate
• Triquetral
• Pisiform
• Sesamoid bone in tendon of flexor carpi
  ulnaris

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Carpus

• Distal row of bones (radial to ulnar)
• Trapezium
• Trapezoid
• Capitate
• Hamate
• Hook of hamate (hamulus)
• Carpometacarpal joint (CMC)
• Metacarpals

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Carpus

• Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)
• Phalanges
• Proximal
• Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)
• Middle
• Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
• Distal

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