Improving School Nutrition

1

• Improving School Nutrition
• A Presentation for School Board Members
• Judy Terry, MPH student
• Walden University
• PH 6165-5
• Instructor Dr. Donald Goodwin
• Fall, 2009

2

• Improving School Nutrition
• (in Grades 9-12)
• What Should You Know and How Can You
  Help?

3

• Role of the School Board Member in School
  Nutrition (Hess, 2002)
• Serve your community and protect its
• students
• Ensure healthy nutrition options are available
• Support nutritional programs in the schools
• Be involved and set an example

4

• Learning Objectives
• Identify the contributing factors leading to
  childhood
• obesity
• Understand the need for improved nutrition in the
• school
• Describe the current status of school nutrition
• Outline recommendations for a good school
  nutrition
• program
• Identify ways in which you can support the
• implementation of a healthy nutrition program
  in
• your school district

5

• Obesity
• Definition Body Mass Index (BMI)
• (CDC, 2009a)
• Calculation of body fat using height and weight
• Obesity gt95 percentile for children

6

• Obesity (CDC, 2009b)

7

• Obesity
• Prevalence 13 of High School Students (CDC,
  2008a)
• 16.3 males
• 9.6 females

8

• Obesity
• Prevalence by Race (CDC, 2008a)
• Black 18.3
• Hispanic 16.6
• White 10.8
• Tripled in past 30 years (Daniels, Jacobson,
  McCrindle, Eckel Sanner, 2009)

9

• Health
• Health Consequences (Daniels et al., 2009)
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Diabetes
• Asthma
• Stroke
• Sleep Apnea
• Cancer

10

• Psychosocial
• Cultural and Societal Consequences (CDC, 2008b)
• Body Image
• Nutrition
• Ate fruits and vegetables-21.4
• Drinking milk-14.1
• Trying to lose weight-45.2

11
(CDC, 2008c)
12

• Psychosocial
• Cultural and Societal Consequences
• Psychosocial (Daniels et al., 2009)
• Self-Esteem
• Bullying
• Depression
• School Performance

13

• Contributing Factors to Obesity and Poor
  Nutrition
• Genetics (CDC, 2009a)
• Metabolism (USDHHS, 2000)
• Socioeconomic Status
• (Johnson-Down, OLoughlin, Koski, Gray-Donald,
  1997)(Vieweg, Johnson, Lanier, Fernandez,
  Pandurangi, 2007)

14

• Contributing Factors to Obesity and Poor
  Nutrition
• Home Environment ( CDC, 2009a)
• Day Care-80

15

• Contributing Factors to Obesity and Poor
  Nutrition
• Physical Activity (CDC, 2008b)
• P.E. Classes 53.6
• Television Viewing gt3 Hrs per day-35.4
• Computer Use gt 3 Hrs per day-24.9

16

• Contributing Factors to Obesity and Poor

(CDC, 2008d)
17

• Current Status of School Nutrition
• Vending Machines
• (OToole, Anderson, Miller, Guthrie, 2007)
• 89.4 High Schools
• Beverages (OToole et al., 2007)
• Soda Pop
• Fruit Juices
• Competitive Foods (GAO, 2005)

18

• Healthy People 2010 (USDHHS, 2000)
• Healthy People 2010
• Goal To reduce childhood obesity to 5 percent
• Goal Reduce chronic diseases associated with
  obesity

19

• Nutritional Programs
• National School Lunch Program 1946 (GAO,
• 2005)
• 28 Million
• School Breakfast Program 1975 (GAO, 2005)
• 8 Million
• Lower BMI (Gleason, Briefel, Wilson, Dodd,
  2009)
• School Meals Initiative for Healthy Children
  1995
• (GAO, 2005)
• Emphasis on Education
• Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act
  2004
• (Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of
  2004)
• Wellness Policies

20

• Recommendations for Improving School Nutrition
  (Ralston, Buzby, Guthrie, 2003)
• Assess your school districts health
• Provide healthy food choices in school
• Allow student input to menu choices
• Provide access to drinking water in schools
• Promote growing and consumption of local produce
• Allow time for students to eat
• Improve cafeteria ambiance
• Allow time for physical activity
• Educate teachers, children, and parents

21

• What Can School Board Members Do? (OToole et
  al., 2007)
• Support provision of healthy food choices
• Support nutrition education
• Support physical education
• Support teachers
• Support funding
• Be involved and set an example

22

• Recap of Learning Objectives
• Identify the contributing factors leading to
  childhood obesity
• Understand the need for improved nutrition in the
  school
• Describe the current status of school nutrition
• Outline recommendations for a good school
  nutrition program
• Identify ways in which you can support the
  implementation of a healthy nutrition program in
  your school district

23

• Additional Resources
• Websites
• American Heart Association at
  www.americanheart.org
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at
  www.cdc.gov
• Education Development Center at www.edc.org
• Institute of Medicine at www.iom.edu
• National School Boards Association at
  www.nsba.org
• School Nutrition Association at
  www.schoolnutrition.org
• U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and
  Nutrition Service at
• www.fns.usda.gov

24

• References
• CDC. (2008a). Healthy youth! YRBSS Youth Online
  Comprehensive Results. Centers for Disease
  Control. Atlanta, GA. Retrieved 10/29/09 from
  http//apps.nccd.cdc.gov/yrbss/QuestYearTable.asp?
  pathbyHTByVarCIcat5quest507year2007locX
  X
• CDC. (2008b). Youth Risk Behavior
  Surveillance-United States, 2007. Morbidity and
  Mortality Weekly Report. 57. No. SS-4. Retrieved
  from http//www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/yrbs/pdf/yr
  bss07_mmwr.pdf
• CDC. (2008c) Trends in the prevalence of obesity,
  dietary behaviors, and weight control practices
  national YRBS 1991-2007. Retrieved from
• http//www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdf/yrbs07_us
  _obesity_diet_wt_control_trend.pdf
• CDC. (2008d). Trends in the prevalence of
  physical activity national YRBS 1991-2007.
  Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/y
  rbs/pdf/yrbs07_us_physical_activity_trend.pdf

25

• References
• CDC. (2009a). Childhood overweight and obesity.
  Centers for Disease Control. Atlanta, GA.
  Retrieved 10/11/09 from http//www.cdc.gov/obesi
  ty/childhood/index.html
• CDC.(2009b). About BMI for children and teens.
  Centers for Disease Control. Atlanta, GA.
  Retrieved 10/29/09 from http//www.cdc.gov/health
  yweight/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/about_children
  s_bmi.html
• Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of
  2004, Pub. L. No. 108-265, 118, Stat. 729
  (2004). Retrieved from http//www.fns.usda.gov/
  cnd/Governance/Legislation/Historical/PL_108-265.p
  df
• Daniels, S., Jacobson, M., McCrindle, B., Eckel,
  R. Sanner, B. (2009). American Heart
  Association Childhood Obesity Research Summit.
  Circulation. 1192114-2123. Available at
  http//circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/119/1
  5/2114

26

• References
• GAO. (2005). School meal programs. Competitive
  foods are widely available and generate
  substantial revenues for schools. (Report No
  GAO-05-563). Government Accountability Office.
  Retrieved from http//www.gao.gov/products/GAO-0
  5-563
• Gleason, P. Briefel, R., Wilson, A., Dodd, A.
  (2009). School meal program participation and
  its association with dietary patterns and
  childhood obesity (Report No. 55). United States
  Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from
  http//www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/CCR55/
• Hess, F. M. (2002). School boards at the dawn of
  the 21st century. Conditions and challenges of
  district governance. A report prepared for the
  National School Boards Association. Retrieved
  from http//www.nsba.org/MainMenu/ResourceCenter
  /SurveysStudiesandEvaluations/SchoolBoardsattheDaw
  nofthe21stCentury.aspx
• Johnson-Down, L., OLoughlin, J., Koski, K.,
  Gray-Donald, K. (1997). High prevalence of
  obesity in low income and multiethnic
  schoolchildren A diet and physical activity
  assessment. The Journal of Nutrition. 127(12),
  2310-2315. Retrieved from http//jn.nutrition.or
  g/cgi/content/full/127/12/2310

27

• References
• OToole, T., Anderson, S., Miller, C., Guthrie,
  J. (2007). Nutrition services and foods and
  beverages available at school results from the
  School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006.
  Journal of School Health. 77(8) 500-521.
  Available at http//www.ashaweb.org/files/public
  /JOSH_1007/JOSH_77_8_o_toole_p_500.pdf
• Ralston, K., Buzby, J., Guthrie, J. (2003). A
  healthy school meal environment (Food Assistance
  and Nutrition Research Report 34-5). United
  States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from
  http//www.ers.usda.gov/publications/fanrr34/fanrr
  34-5/fanrr34-5.pdf
• USDHHS. (2000). Healthy People 2010. 2nd
  edition. Volume 2. U.S. Department of Health and
  Human Services. Washington, D.C. Available at
  http//healthypeople.gov/Document/pdf/Volume2/19Nu
  trition.pdf.

28

• References
• Vieweg, V., Johnson, C., Lanier, J., Fernandez,
  A., Pandurangi, A. (2007). Correlation between
  high risk obesity groups and low socioeconomic
  status in school children. Southern Medical
  Journal. 100(1). Retrieved from
  http//www.thefreelibrary.com/Correlationbetween
  highriskobesitygroupsandlowsocioeconomic...-
  a0158957732