(a) sp hybridisation:

1
Types of Hybridisation

• (a) sp hybridisation
• one s orbital mixes with one p orbital,
  forming two equivalent sp hybrid orbitals.

linear 180?
Eg. BeCl2
two sp hybrid orbitals
50 s character 50 p character
2
sp Hybridisation
2s
2px
(Linear arrangement)
2py
2pz
3
Types of Hybridisation

• (b) sp2 hybridisation one s orbital mixes with
  two p orbitals forming three equivalent sp2
  hybrid orbitals

trigonal planar 120?
Eg. BCl3
33.3 s character 66.7 p character
three sp2 hybrid orbitals
4
sp2 Hybridisation
2s
2px
(Linear arrangement)
2py
2pz
5
Types of Hybridisation

• (c) sp3 hybridisation one s orbital mixes with
  three p orbitals forming four equivalent sp3
  hybrid orbitals.

tetrahedral 109.5?
Eg. CH4
25 s character 75 p character
four sp3 hybrid orbitals
6
sp3 Hybridisation
2s
2px
2py
2pz