Compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases

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Learning outcomes

• Compare the properties of solids, liquids and
  gases
• Describe using models the structure of solids,
  liquids and gases
• Describe the relationship between motion of
  molecules and temperature

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States of Matter

• Three states of matter
• Solid Liquid Gas
• For example, iceberg, sea water and steam

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• Physical Properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases

Solid Liquid Gas
Fixed shape Fixed volume Fixed volume Does not have fixed shape Assumes shape of container No fixed shape No fixed volume Assumes the shape and volume of container
Not compressible Not easily compressible Highly compressible
Does not flow easily Flows easily Flows easily
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Kinetic Model

• The kinetic theory of matter states that all
  matter is made up of a large number of tiny atoms
  or molecules which are in continuous motion.
• Molecules are too small to be seen directly.
• Existence of particles in continuous motion has
  been demonstrated by Brownian motion and
  diffusion. Find out what these are!

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Kinetic Model

• Motion of Molecules and Temperature
• When temperature increases, thermal energy of the
  molecules increases and the molecules move
  faster.
• The molecules gain kinetic energy.
• We can use this model to explain the physical
  properties of solids, liquids and gases.

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• An explanation of Solids, Liquids and Gases

Solid Liquid Gas
Particles close together Can not move past each other Particles close together Can move past each other Particles far apart Can move past each other
Forces holding particles together are large Forces holding particles together are less Forces holding particles together are small
Increasing K.E. causes greater vibration ? Higher temperatures Increased K.E. means particles have enough energy to move past each other Increasing K.E. causes particles to move far apart. So gases can be compressed
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The three states of matter are solid, liquid and
gas.
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When the temperature increases, kinetic energy of
the molecules also increases.
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