Truth or Dogma?

1
Truth or Dogma?

• An overview of the Hydroplate Theory Dr. Walt
  Brown
• www.creationscience.com

2
Truth or Dogma?

• Youve been taught in your science classes up to
  this point that Plate Tectonics and seafloor
  spreading explain the geological state of the
  world today.

3
Truth or Dogma?

• If I could demonstrate to you a scientific
  explanation for the world around you that
• Explains every major geologic feature, as well as
  features of near-Earth astronomy
• Fits the facts better than any other explanation
  available
• Is a radical departure from the current stagnant
  dogma of the scientific community
• Would you be open to it?

4
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• The Earths crust rides on great plates that are
  constantly spreading apart and subducting
  under.

5
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• This is the explanation of the Mid-Oceanic Ridge.

6
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• Originally, this theory required only five to
  seven plates. Now that has expanded to hundreds
  of plates being necessary to accommodate the
  theory.

7
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• Mid Oceanic Ridge
• This is where spreading must occur
• There are overlapping regions
• There are intersecting axial rifts!

8
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• How do the plates move?
• Subduction?
• Physically impossible!

9
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• The slabs represented below are 30 to 60 miles
  thick.

10
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• The pressure on any rock deeper than 5 miles will
  cause the rock to flow if not contained.

11
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• It is impossible for any plate to ever depress
  deeper than five miles.
• No subducting plate could begin subduction.

12
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• What force moves the plates?
• If plates are subducting, what force causes the
  plates to subduct?

13
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• Even without the flowing feature of rock, the
  pressure of 30 mile thickness of rock from the
  overriding plate would prevent any movement of
  the subducting plate.

14
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• There is no material strong enough to withstand
  this great pressure, nor no force great enough to
  overcome the magnitude of the friction and great
  pressure to move a plate.

15
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• Its physically (scientifically) impossible.

16
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• Continental Shelves
• Why is there a continental shelf?
• What geologic process created them?

17
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• Oceanic Trenches
• Why are there Deep Trenches in the Pacific?
• but not in the Atlantic?
• How did these form?
• Why is there continental material on the Pacific
  floor?

18
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• Earthquakes
• Its where the plates rub together or one
  subducts under the other, right?
• Then why are there many powerful ones far from
  plate boundaries, and so deep, the rock should be
  clay-like.

19
Predominant Theory of GeologyPlate Tectonics

• Magnetic Reversals
• Not reversals at all!
• Intensity fluctuations
• Some perpendicular to the ridge

20
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Submarine Canyons
• V-shaped. Why?

They seem to be extensions of
existing rivers
Up to 15,000 feet below sea level!
21
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Submarine Canyons

Large River like Amazon
Beach
Continental Shelf
Beach
The drop-off
What cut this deep V gouge in the Continental
shelf 15,000 feet below sea level?
Ocean surface
22
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Submarine Canyons

23
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Geologic Anomalies
• Coal and oil in Antarctica
• Methane in ice
• Ice Age (s)
• Requires heavy precipitation AND
• Extended and extreme cold temperatures
• at the same time!
• Thats a contradiction!

24
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Frozen Mammoths
• Fleshy remains
• Quickly frozen
• Food in mouth and stomach
• Many of them crushed
• Virtually all of them suffocated

25
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Mountains
• Crumpled and buckled
• Folded sediments
• How do sedimentarylayers ofrock fold?

26
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Metamorphic rock
• Requires flowing water
• In traditional Geology, where is this necessary
  ingredient?

27
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Plateaus
• Raised areas of the Earth
• Appear to be floating on the rock beneath them

28
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Limestone
• Made from calcium carbonate
• Requires carbon
• There is too much calcium carbonate to have
  come from known processes. There is no
  adequate source for the carbon!

29
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Overthrusts
• Horizontal sliding for miles and miles
• Too much friction
• Materials (rock) not strong enough to be pushed
  or pulled with the friction that would be present
• And yet, theyre not crushed

30
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Salt Domes
• What is the source of all the salt?
• How did the salt all get collected together?
• Why is it a dome shape?

31
Predominant Theory of GeologyInadequate
explanation for

• Volcanoes Lava
• What is the source of magma?
• The Earths crust is 6 to 60 miles thick
• All cracks lower than 5 miles are squeezed shut!
• The mantle is over 1800 miles thick and is solid
  material before you get to the molten core of the
  Earth.

32
Predominant Theory of GeologyInadequate
explanation for

• Geothermal Heat
• What caused the magma for volcanoes?
• Near-crust magma is unassociated with the molten
  core
• Why is the Earths core molten?
• Earths crust appears to have never been molten

33
Predominant Theory of GeologyInadequate
explanation for

• Sediments
• Stratified layers of rock how did that happen?
• Billions of dead things buried in rock layers
  laid down by water all over the Earth

34
Predominant Theory of GeologyWhat you were
probably taught

• Jigsaw Fit of the Continents
• Pangaea

They took liberties with this graphic. To be
valid, all the squares must be equivalent.
Compare Africa, North America, and South
America. Also, much continental mass is missing
between North and South America.
35
Predominant Theory of GeologyWhat you were
probably taught

• Jigsaw Fit of the Continents
• Pangaea

If the continents were all packed together like
this, what did the rest of the earth look like?
This represents less than ¼ of the earths
surface, and it would have been on just ¼ of the
earth. Was the rest of the earth merely covered
with water?
36
Predominant Theory of GeologyWhat you were
probably taught

• Jigsaw Fit of the Continents
• Not as good a fit as you were led to believe
• If you consider the continents with the
  continental shelves, the fit is rather poor.

37
Predominant Theory of GeologyA different
perspective

• Jigsaw Fit of the Continents
• There is a much better fit of the continents
  against the base of the mid-Atlantic Ridge

38
Predominant Theory of GeologyA different
perspective

• Jigsaw Fit of the Continents
• Yes, the continents were at one time connected,
  but
• They were connected by rock that is no longer
  present.
• Where did the rock go?

39
Predominant Theory of GeologyWhat you were
probably taught

• Layered Fossils
• Fossils represent animals in previous eras of the
  Earths history
• The lower strata and fossils are earlier times
  and the higher strata and fossils are more
  recent.
• Strata and fossils were laid down over millions
  of years.

40
Predominant Theory of GeologyA different
perspective

• Fossil Realities
• Fossils are rarely formed today
• Animals and plants decay. Fossils must be
  rapidly buried.
• Fossils of sea life are found on every major
  mountain range.
• How did they become buried way up in the
  mountains?

41
Predominant Theory of GeologyNo explanation for

• Change in Tilt of Earths Axis
• This has been measured and documented
• As nearly as they can tell, it began about 2345 BC

42
Predominant Theory of Geology What you were
probably taught

• Asteroids, Meteoroids, and Comets
• Asteroids Likely an exploded Planet
• Meteoroids Possibly remnants of that same
  exploded planet
• Comets Came from the Oort cloud. A ring of
  comet material surrounding the Solar System

43
Predominant Theory of Geology A different
perspective

• Asteroids, Meteoroids, and Comets
• Asteroids an exploded Planet?
• The total mass of all asteroids is less than
  0.05 of the Earths mass. Combining all the
  asteroids would hardly produce a planet.
• Comets Oort cloud?
• An Undetectable ring of comet material
  surrounding the Solar System
• Oldest comet can be no more than 5000 years old
• Conclusion The Oort cloud exists because it must
• No hyperbolic orbits

44
How to Evaluate Theories

• Process
• Parsimony
• Prediction

In the Beginning, 7th Edition, Dr. Walter
Brown, pp.98-99
45
How to Evaluate Theories

• Process
• If a theory can explain all relevant observations
  better than any other proposed explanation,
  confidence in the explanation increases.
• If the starting conditions and operation of
  physical laws (all known processes) should have
  produced results that are not present, then
  confidence decreases.

46
How to Evaluate Theories

• Parsimony
• The use of few assumptions. The simplest
  explanation.
• Few assumptions that explain many things
  indicates a good theory. The more assumptions,
  the less credible the theory. If more
  assumptions have to be added as the theory is
  explored, it becomes less credible.

47
How to Evaluate Theories

• Prediction
• A good theory allows you to predict unusual
  things if you look in the right places and make
  the right measurements. Verified predictions
  increase confidence in the explanation.

48
How to Evaluate Theories

• Scientific explanations are never certain or
  final, and the overused word prove is never
  justified except possibly in mathematics or a
  court of law.

In the Beginning, 7th ed., Dr. Walter Brown,
p.99
49
Hydroplate Theory

• Assumptions of the Hydroplate Theory
• There is only one
• Subterranean water

¾ mile thick layer of supercritical water
containing a large amount of dissolved salt,
minerals, and carbon dioxide, 10 miles below
the Earths surface in interconnected chambers.
Granite above, basalt below.
50
Hydroplate Theory

• Did I say WATER?
• Yes, this is a flood theory.
• A global flood.

51
Hydroplate Theory

• Did I say WATER?
• Yes, this is a flood theory.
• A global flood.
• A global flood would require HUGE amounts of
  water!
• Yes.

52
Hydroplate Theory

• This flood was not your typical sewer backup or
  river overflowing its banks.
• Hurricane Katrina and its flooding aftermath was
  an infinitesimal speck compared to this.
• This was the greatest catastrophic event ever to
  occur on the Earth.

53
Hydroplate Theory

• Were talking Noahs flood, right?
• Well, if Noahs flood was real
• Whered the water come from?
• and
• Whered the water go?

54
Hydroplate Theory

• Four Phases
• Rupture phase
• Flood phase
• Continental Drift phase
• Recovery phase

55
Hydroplate Theory

• Rupture phase
• Where did the water come from? The subterranean
  water was released.
• Pressure
• Failure A crack It likely began where the
  Atlantic Ocean is today
• Propagation at 2 miles per second (7200 mph).

56
Hydroplate Theory

• Rupture phase
• The fountains of the great deep. (Genesis
  711)

57
Hydroplate Theory

• Rupture phase
• Initial stresses were relieved when the crack
  circled the Earth in two to three hours.
• One end of the crack ran into the path left by
  the other end forming a T or Y shape.

58
Hydroplate Theory

• Rupture phase
• Material was ejected out of the crack that
  encircled the globe.

59
Hydroplate Theory

• Rupture phase
• The most powerful jetting water and debris, rock,
  mud, and water forming ice escaped the Earths
  gravity and became comets, asteroids, and meteors.

60
Hydroplate Theory

• Flood phase
• The powerful upward-jetting water eroded both
  sides of the 46,000 mile long rupture an average
  of 800 miles wide.
• The bottom portions of the exposed cliffs
  continually crumbled and collapsed, adding to the
  debris in the jetting fountains.
• Where the lower portion eroded, once the
  subterranean water was depleted, the rock sloped
  downward and formed the continental shelves.

61
Hydroplate Theory

• Flood phase
• Continental Shelves
• High velocity water and debris flowing out from
  beneath the crust eroded the edges of the
  continents, creating sloping continental shelves.

62
Hydroplate Theory

• Flood phase
• About 35 of the debris was from the basalt
  floor.
• All the eroded material gave the water a muddy
  consistency which settled out over the surface in
  a matter of days, burying many dead animals,
  which became most of the worlds fossils.
• Through a process called Liquefaction, this
  sediment and its contents got sorted and
  stratified.

63
Hydroplate Theory

• Flood phase
• Some of the debris-laden water fell as huge
  masses of extremely cold, muddy hail which
  buried, suffocated, and froze many animals
  including mammoths.
• This material did not stratify and is the source
  of muck, loess (pronounced lerse), and
  Yedomas today.

64
Hydroplate Theory

• Flood phase
• The escaping water was hot. It tended to rise to
  the top and evaporate.
• As the water evaporated, salt and other minerals
  precipitated out.

65
Hydroplate Theory

• Flood phase

Movements frequently caused less dense layers to
flow upward through more dense layers, resulting
in salt-domes.
Sediments settled on the precipitated salt.
66
Hydroplate Theory

• Flood phase
• Decrease of pressure in the chamber water caused
  a release of carbon dioxide resulting in a
  precipitation of limestone.
• Uprooted vegetation accumulated in masses
  sometimes sorted into layers. Later, these were
  compressed and heated, forming coal and oil.

67
Hydroplate Theory

• Continental Drift phase
• The basalt layer in the earth is normally
  compressed by the overlying rock.
• The overlying rock was blown away.
• Believe it or not, rock is slightly elastic. The
  more compression, the more reaction when the
  compressive forces are removed the basalt
  buckled upward.

68
Hydroplate Theory

• Continental Drift phase
• The basalt Layer in the Atlantic buckled up and
  rose 10 miles!
• This created slopes on each side of the rupture.

69
Hydroplate Theory

• Continental Drift phase
• Mid-Oceanic Ridge
• As the floor rose, it stretched as a balloon
  stretches when its radius increases. This
  stretching produced cracks parallel and
  perpendicular to the Mid-Oceanic Ridge.

70
Hydroplate Theory

• Continental Drift Phase
• Mid-Oceanic Ridge
• Parallel cracks were caused simply by the radius
  of the bulge being greater than the rocks former
  radius. Perpendicular cracks were caused by the
  material covering a greater Earth circumference
  than it once did.

71
Hydroplate Theory

• Continental Drift phase
• The American plates started to move away from the
  Euro/African plates, lubricated by the underlying
  water.
• The hydroplates accelerated away from the
  widening Atlantic. This movement lasted for
  about a day, and then met with resistance.

72
Hydroplate Theory

• Continental Drift phase
• The American plates started to slide away from
  the Euro/African plates, lubricated by the
  underlying water.
• The hydroplates accelerated away from the
  widening Atlantic.
• This movement lasted for about a day, and then
  met with resistance.

73
Hydroplate Theory

• Continental Drift phase
• What stopped the sliding?
• Resistance that was the result of
• Depletion of the underlying water
• Collision with something else
• On deceleration, each plate experienced a
  compression event buckling, crushing, and
  thickening each plate. This squeezed up
  mountains, made overthrusts, and trapped water in
  large voids underneath.

74
Hydroplate Theory

• Continental Drift phase
• Friction at the base of the skidding plates
  generated immense heat, enough to melt rock and
  produce large volumes of magma.
• Effects of this melted rock produced marble,
  diamonds, lava outpourings, and volcanic
  activity.
• Volcanoes are from magma chambers generated by
  this deceleration, not the molten core.

75
Hydroplate Theory

• Continental Drift phase
• In the mean time, after the Atlantic floor rose,
  the mass of the Earth shifted toward the
  Atlantic.
• The continental area where the Pacific is today
  buckled toward the Atlantic about 25 minutes
  after the Atlantic floor rose. This formed deep
  trenches, and sank the continental landmass which
  produced the Pacific ocean we see today.

76
Hydroplate Theory

• Continental Drift phase
• There is continental crust found in the Pacific
  floor.
• This subsidence of the mass through the earth
  toward the Atlantic caused massive heating and
  produced the Earths molten core.

77
Hydroplate Theory

• Recovery phase
• Where did the water go?

As the compression event took place on a given
continent, the continents thickened and rose out
of the water. This caused the flood waters to
begin to recede.
At some point portions of the subterranean water
were choked off.
78
Hydroplate Theory

• Recovery phase
• Flood waters collected in the newly-opened basins
  between the continents.
• Sea level immediately after the flood was several
  miles lower than today. This allowed for land
  bridges that no longer exist.
• Draining flood waters eroded deep channels which
  are now major rivers, as well as submarine
  canyons.

79
Hydroplate Theory

• Recovery phase
• Submarine Canyons
• Water draining at a rapid rate from the
  continents as they thickened and rose carved deep
  gouges at the edges of the continents.

80
Hydroplate Theory

• Recovery phase
• Thickened hydroplates applied greater pressure to
  the basalt floor than the ocean water. The
  plates sank over time and caused the ocean levels
  to rise, isolating animals to various continents.

81
Hydroplate Theory

• Recovery phase
• It took many years (hundreds) after the flood for
  things to settle into equilibrium. Many of these
  processes continue even today.

82
Hydroplate Theory

• Recovery phase
• Remember I mentioned a change in Tilt of Earths
  Axis?
• Scientists say it began about 2345 BC
• The Genesis Flood was approximately 2348 BC.
• Hmmmm

83
Hydroplate Theory

• Recovery phase
• The sudden formation of mountains altered the
  Earths balance. This caused the Earth to roll
  about 45 so the pre-flood North pole moved to
  what is now Central Asia. This is why coal and
  lush vegetation (as well as mammoth and other
  animal remains) are found in arctic regions.
  They were temperate regions before the flood.

84
Hydroplate Theory

• Recovery phase
• Earths big roll

85
Hydroplate Theory

• Recovery phase
• Continental basins, filled with water, became
  inland seas.

86
Hydroplate Theory

• Recovery phase
• Over time, many of these inland seas eroded
  through their walls and carved gouges in the
  earth such as the Grand Canyon.

87
Hydroplate Theory

• Recovery phase
• As mountains sank toward their equilibrium depth,
  in the same way a person sinks into a waterbed,
  pressure under the crust on each side of the
  mountains caused plateaus to rise.

88
Hydroplate Theory

• That was a quick overview of the Hydroplate
  theory.
• In it, we explained

Overthrusts Continental shelves Geothermal
heat Earths molten core Salt Domes Jigsaw fit of
the continents Plateaus Grand Canyon and
others Ocean trenches Changing tilt of the
Earths axis Comets and Meteroids
The Flood Where the water came from Where
the water went Mid-Oceanic ridge Continental
plates Submarine canyons Magma/volcanoes Fossils L
imestone Mammoths Coal and Oil formations
89
Hydroplate Theory

• The Hydroplate Theory also explains

Asteroid belt Composition of Sedimentary
Rock Ninety East Ridge Granite Varves Flattened
fish Muck, Yedomas, and Loess Absence of
hyperbolic comets Why Subduction cannot happen
Why a circle has 360 Plumes Chimney
Rocks Sorting of Fossils Magma/volcanoes Craters
on the Moon Earthquakes Methane in Ice Ice
Age Stratification of Rock layers
and much more!
90
Hydroplate Theory

• You can read about all of this in detail online
  in the pre-release of the 8th edition, including
  approximately 33 more information than the 7th
  edition, at
• www.creationscience.org