Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatieves

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Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatieves
Dr. koohmareh
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Carboxylic Acids contain the following functional
group
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???? ??????
1- ???? ??? ? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???
????? 2- ??????? ?? 7 ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???
?????? ?? ?? ??????? 3- ?? ????? ????? ???? ?
????? ??? ?????? 5- ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
???????????-??????-????????? ??????? ?????
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Acidic Properties of Carboxylic Acids
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Nomenclature
They are named by adding oic acid onto the end
of the carbon skeleton. The COOH group is the
section responsible for the chemistry. The
substituents are named as in other aliphatic
compounds The carbon in the COOH group is
numbered carbon 1.
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Examples of Carboxylic Acids
4-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid
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?????? ???? ??????
1- ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????
????? 2- ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????
???? 3- ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? 4- ?????? ????
????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??
???????? 5- ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????.
KMnO4 CrO3 K2Cr2O7
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6- ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????
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1- ????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???
??? 2- ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????- (????
???????)
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3- ????? ??? ?? ????????? (?? ???? ???? ???
????? ? ?? ????? ????? 2 ??? ???? ?? ?? ???
??????? ????? ?????) 4- ????? ??? ??
?????? (?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ??
???? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ??
????? ?????)
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?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ????
?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????
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5- ????? ??? ?? ?????? (?? ????? ?????? ?? ????
?? ???? ????? ????? )
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?????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ????? ????
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???? ??????? ? ???????
?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????,
????????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????
???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ??
??? ??? ?????? ????? ???
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???????? ???? ???????
1- ????? ??? ?? ???????? 2- ????? ??? ??
???? 3- ????? ??? ?? ??????? 4- ????? ??? ??
????
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?????? ? ????
Esters are named from the acid and alcohol stem.
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Naming of Esters
the alcohol stem comes at the start of the ester
name the acid stem provides the second part of
the name the name of the ester usually ends with
anoate.
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1- ???????? ?????? (???? ?????? ? ?????) ? ?????
???? 2- ????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???
?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? 3- ????? ?? ????
???????? ? ????? ????
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????? ???? ??????? ?????.
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1- ???????? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? 2- ???? ?? ????
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