Motivating Employees

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Motivating Employees
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What is Motivation?

• Definition
• Motivation ??
• More than 140 definitions
• The inner thrust behind behavior (Cohen, 1970)
• Performance ? Motivation
• Performance Ability x Motivation

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??????

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• ????????/????
• ????????,??????
• ???????????
• ????????????????
• ????????????????
• ????????????????

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MOTIVATION THEORIES

• The Pygmalion Effect
• Need-Hierarchy Theory ??????
• Manifest Need Theory
• Y Theory
• Two-Factor Theory ?????
• Expectancy Theory
• Equity Theory
• Goal Theory

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The Pygmalion Effect

• Robert Rosenthal (1960)
• Expectation makes difference
• Positive impact you can make on ees

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Need-Hierarchy Theory

• Abraham Maslow (1950)
• ??????
• ???????
• ????????
• ?????????????
• ???life situation than work setting

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Theory Y

• Douglas McGregor (1960)
• Theory X vs. Theory Y
• Theory X
• ????? people are lazy by nature
• ??????????????
• ?????????????????? (need to be pushed into
  productive behavior)

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• Theory Y
• ???????? people DO enjoy work
• ????????????????????,???????????????? (we are
  self-motivated)
• ?????????????????
• ??????????????

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Two-Factor Theory

• Frederick Herzberg (1966)
• Also called Motivation-Hygiene Theory ??????
• Motivation factor
• Achievement, recognition, work itself,
  responsibility, advancement
• Hygiene factor
• Company policy, supervision, salary,
  interpersonal relationship, working condition

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Expectancy Theory

• Victor H. Vroom (1964)
• ?? ?? x ?? x ??
• Expectancy ?? ????(effort)??????????
  (performance)
• Instrument ?? ???? (performance)?????(reward)
• Valence ?? ??????????
• Effort ? Satisfactory performance ? Desired
  rewards
• Link b/w what one is doing and the expected
  reward

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Equity Theory

• J. S. Adams (1963)
• ?? vs. ??

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Goal Theory

• Ed Locke (1986)
• ?????????????
• ??????,??,???????????????????
• ?????????????feedback

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Manifest Needs Theory

• David McClelland (1950s)
• Needs vs. environment
• Three types of needs
• Achievement??
• Power??
• Affiliation??
• Based on different needs to develop different
  motivation plan

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Achievement Need

• People tend to
• ????
• ???? (moderate, realistic, attainable goals)
• ?????????
• ???????
• ????? feedback
• How to motivate them?
• ???????
• ??????????
• ?????? feedback

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Power Need

• People tend to
• ?????????
• ????(??????????)
• ???????????
• How to motivate?
• ????,??????
• ???????

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Affiliation Need

• People tend to
• ????????????
• ??????????
• ??????
• ???????
• How to motivate?
• ??TEAM WORK
• ????????
• ?????????

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• From the motivation theories, what have we
  learn?
• How to apply the theories to the reality?

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Techniques for Motivating Employees

• Communication
• Job enhancement
• Delegation of responsibility
• Treating employees fairly and respectfully
• Involving employees in organizational rights
• National Restaurant Association

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MotivationWhere to start?

• Conduct attitude survey to find out what motivate
  your employee
• Analyze your workforce and know what they want

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Reward????

• ???reward
• ????Reward
• ????
• ???
• ????
• ?????
• ???reward
• ????reward

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??????

• ????
• ??
• ??
• ????
• ????

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Four myths about pay

• Myth1 Labor rate vs. labor cost
• Myth2 Cutting labor cost by cutting labor rate
• Myth3 Low labor rates to maintain competitive
  edge
• Myth4 people work for money

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• What is the problem with
• Pay for Performance?

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Pay for Performance

• Problem
• ??10?????PA??
• Only 19?????pay for performance (Parker Wright,
  2001)
• PA??????,??????
• ???????????
• ????,????
• ????,??????
• ?????????????,??????
• ??????,???????

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• Pay people well
• Pay people fairly
• Then do everything possible to take money off
  peoples minds
• Alfie
  Kohn