Medical Terminology

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Medical Terminology

• Terms Pertaining to the Body
• as a Whole

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Structure of the Body

• Cell fundamental unit of all living things
• Different types of cells include muscle cells,
  epithelial cells (skin), nerve cells, fat cells.
• Cells are specialized throughout the body to
  carry out their individual functions

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Tissue

• A group of similar cells working together to do a
  specific job
• Histologist a scientist who specializes in the
  study of tissue
• Some types are epithelial, muscle, connective
  and nerve tissue

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Organs

• Structures composed of several kinds of tissue
• The medical term for internal organs is visceral

THE HEART
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Body Systems

• Groups of organs working together to perform
  complex functions
• The Digestive System consists of mouth,
  esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines,
  pancreas, liver and gall bladder

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Body Cavities

• Cavity a space within the body that contains
  internal organs (viscera)
• Ventral (front) cavities
• (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic)
• Dorsal (back) cavities
• (cranial, spinal)

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The Diaphragm

• The diaphragm is a muscular wall that separates
  the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

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Pleura

• The pleural cavity is the space between the
  membranes that surround each lung. Each pleural
  cavity is lined with a double folded membrane or
  pleura.

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Mediastinum

• The centrally located area outside of and between
  the lungs. It contains the heart, aorta, trachea,
  esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and
  lymph nodes

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Abdominopelvic Regions
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Abdominal Quadrants
RUQ Right lobe of Liver, Gallbladder, pancreas,
parts of small and large intestines
LUQ Left lobe of Liver, stomach, spleen,
pancreas, parts of small and large intestines
RLQ Part of small and large intestines, right
ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right
ureter
LLQ Part of small and large intestines, left
ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter
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Spinal Column

• Vertebra (vertebrae plural) back bones
• Spinal Column consists of 5 divisions
• Cervical neck region (7)
• Thoracic chest region (12)
• Lumbar flank region (5)
• Sacral 5 bones fused to form sacrum
• Coccygeal 4 bones fused to form coccyx or
  tailbone

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Spinal Column
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Planes of the Body

• Frontal (Coronal) divides body into anterior
  and posterior

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Planes of the Body

• Sagittal
• (Lateral) divides body into left and right

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Planes of the Body

• Transverse or Cross sectional divides body into
  upper and lower portions

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Positional and Directional Terms

• Medical term for lying on the back
• Supine
• Medical Term for lying on the belly
• Prone

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Positional and Directional Terms

• Medical term for above another structure
• Superior
• Medical term for below another structure
• Inferior

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Positional and Directional Terms

• Medical term for on the surface
• Superficial
• Medical term for away from the surface
• Deep

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Positional and Directional Terms

• Medical term for pertaining to the side
• Lateral
• Medical term for pertaining to the middle
• Medial

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Positional and Directional Terms

• Pertaining to the front side of the body
• Anterior or ventral
• Pertaining to the back side of the body
• Posterior or dorsal

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Positional and Directional Terms

• Medical term for near the beginning of a
  structure or point of attachment
• Proximal
• Medical term for far from the beginning of a
  structure or point of attachment
• Distal