Bohr Model and Bonding

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Bohr Model and Bonding
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Bohr Model Review

• Bohr Models show us a visual representation of an
  atom
• There are two things that You need to have
• The period that the element is in
• The number of electrons
• Practice the following elements

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Bohr Practice

• Argon
• Oxygen
• Neon
• Silicon
• Phosphorus

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MAG-NE-SIUM
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Atomic Structure

• Protons charge (positive)
• Neutrons neutral
• Protons and Neutrons are located in the nucleus
• Electrons - charge (negative)
• Electrons are located in electron shells or
  energy levels or valences.
• Each shell/level/valence holds a specific number
  of electrons

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Which element is this?
Helium
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• Argon
• Beryllium
• Barium
• Boron

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Why do we have bonding?

• Elements struggle to become Happy.
• Being happy means having a full orbital 8
  electrons, some elements have too many electrons
  and want to give up some electrons, some have too
  little electrons and want to gain some electrons.
  
• In order to be stable, elements will either
  transfer or share electrons with each other

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Lets look at some examples
Some elements have only a couple of electrons in
their outer shells, for them its easier to give
up their few electrons

• Level/shell/valence period
• Outer electrons group

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More examples
Others are interested in gaining some electrons
Remember, in order to be HAPPY they want to have
8 electrons in their outer shell.
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AR-GON
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PHOS-PHO-RUS
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What do you do if you are a sodium (Na) atom? You
have eleven electrons, one too many to have your
shell filled. You need to find another element
who will take that electron away from you.
Chlorine (Cl) will take that electron away and
leave you with 10 electrons inside of two filled
shells. You are a happy atom. Now you are also an
ion and missing one electron. You are a sodium
ion (Na). You have one less electron than your
atomic number.
The story of Sodium
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The story of Sodium continued
So now you've become a sodium ion (Na). Now you
have ten electrons. That's the same number as
neon (Ne). But you aren't neon (Ne). Since you're
missing an electron you aren't really a complete
sodium (Na) atom either. You are now something
completely new. An ion. Other electrically
charged atoms (ions) are now looking at you and
seeing a good partner to bond with. That's where
chlorine comes in.
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Two types of bonds

• Ionic
• Ionic bonds are just groups of charged ions held
  together by electric forces between metals and
  nonmetals

• Covalent
• Covalent bonds are where the electrons are shared
  between two atoms between non metals

Ionic Bonds
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Which type of bond is Sodium?

• Sodium would be an ionic bond
• Evidence
• Ions are formed
• Electrons are given to another atom
• Sodium looks for other ions to bond with

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NI-TRO-GEN
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