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MAMMALS

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Title: MAMMALS


1
MAMMALS
  • RESOURCES
  • 3 VIDEO CLIPS
  • MARSUPIALS
  • RAT DISSECTION
  • TEXT Chap 808-829

2
Class Mammalia kangaroo, bat, rodents, whales,
monkey, giraffe, man, horse, dog
  • Incredible variety in size
  • 1.5 g bat to 100 ton whale
  • FEATURES
  • young born live after gestation in the female
  • mammary glands (sweat, oil, pheromone glands)

3
  • lung breathing throughout life
  • diaphragm separates abdominal and thoracic
    cavities

4
  • body covered with hair

5
  • 4 chambered heart
  • warm blooded

6
  • 7 neck vertebrae in most species
  • 2 pairs of limbs for locomotion

7
  • care for few young
  • internal fertilization
  • internal development

8
ORDER MONOTREMATA
  • Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania
  • ie. platypus, echidna
  • most reptile like
  • lay eggs
  • echidna lays egg right into pouch
  • don't control body temperature well
  • cloaca
  • no nipples but have mammary glands

9
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10
Platypus
11
echidna (spiny anteater) juvenile called puggle
12
ORDER MARSUPALES
  • Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania
  • ie. koala, kangaroo, opossum, wombat 250
    species
  • pouched mammals
  • Show Koala video here

13
Koala Bear
14
Tasmanian Devil
15
Flying Phalangers
16
Wombat
17
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18
opossum
19
Kangaroo
20
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22
  • young born very helpless after a short gestation
    in the female
  • must crawl to the pouch
  • nipples in the pouch
  • Assign reading and text questions
  • (914-919)

23
Why are they so isolated in Australia?
  • Continents separated 60 million years ago and
    left Australia with no placentals and only
    marsupials and monotremes.
  • marsupials were out competed by placentals else
    where in the world
  • DEFINE convergent evolution
  • adaptive radiation

24
PLACENTAL MAMMALS (draw the placenta)
25
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26
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27
  • 14 orders
  • 95 of all mammals
  • placenta- organ in the uterus that connects
    mothers circulatory system to that of the baby

28
ORDERS of interest Ungulates
  • -some of the largest mammals
  • Why? Need a large stomach to digest coarse food
    (like the .)
  • (cellulose primary component in the diet)
  • many are built for speed
  • long light legs, flexible spine, missing clavicle
  • leg joints lack rotation, basically pendulum
    movement

29
CLASSIFICATION (based on feet, teeth and skulls)
  • 2 Types
  • Perrissodactyla- horse, rhino, tapir (odd toed)

30
the UngulatesPerissodactyla
31
the UngulatesPerissodactyla
32
  • Formerly the most successful order (How do we
    measure success?)
  • Number of species, individuals, land area,
    number of habitats

33
Artiodactyla
  • - camel, antelope, hippo, sheep, cow, pig,
    giraffe (even toed)
  • (currently the most successful)

34
Order Artiodactylasuborder Suiformes
35
Order Artiodactylasuborder Suiformes
36
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37
Digestion
  • Bacteria in the gut aid in digestion, produces
    enzymes necessary to break down
    cellulose (chemical digestion)
  • Repeated chewing of regurgitated veg. Matter
    continues mechanical digestion in some species

38
  • Cows have a RUMEN a chamber off the stomach for
    bacteria
  • Horse food flows through in 45 hours
  • Cows food flows through in 100 hrs

39
  • More efficient at extracting nutrients from food
    may explain this groups success!!!!

40
PIGS (an even toed ungulate)
  • Terminology
  • Gilt-
  • Sow-
  • Boar-
  • Barrow-

Virgin female Female that has given
birth Male Castrated male
41
  • Farrow giving birth
  • Gestation 3 m 3w 3d
  • Female puberty reached in 4-8 months, breed with
    in 1 year, heat 1-5 days, 2 ½ litters per year

42
COWS ARE EVIL (notes in honor of Mr.
Bangert)
  • -require half the worlds useable land area
  • -methane gas production green house gas
  • -poor source of nutrition (high fat, cancer
    agents, antibiotics)
  • -protein available from other sources
  • -wasteful use of energy and water

43
ORDER RODENTIA
  • RAT DISSECTION
  • Rats, mice, porcupine, beaver
  • Chisel like front teeth
  • 40 of placental mammals
  • relatively small, adaptive, high reproductive
    rate, intelligent

44
MARINE MAMMALS (several orders)
  • Pinnipedea- seals, sea lions, walrus, otters
  • Related to carnivores
  • Predators
  • Blubber
  • Breed on land

45
  • Seal (cat face)
  • Cant move back legs
  • Rear flippers
  • Hunted for skin and
    meat

46
  • sea lion (dog face)
  • walks like a quadrupeds
  • tricks in shows

47
  • Walrus
  • Feeds off inverts from bottom
  • Whiskers for feeling
  • Tusks for digging

48
Sirenia- manatee, dugongs
  • Italian for mermaid- relative of the elephant
  • Highly endangered
  • Only vegetarian
  • Skin, oil, meat (like veal)
  • Front flippers and fluke

49
Cetaceans- whales, dolphins, porpoises
  • 90 species only 5 fresh water
  • Whales
  • toothed- predators narwhal, killer, dolphin

50
Whales
  • baleen filter feeders

51
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52
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53
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54
a
55
  • broad flat tails (fluke), front limbs modified
    into flippers, blow hole in nostril

56
  • social animals
  • songs, pod, breaching
  • harem- may have 40 females
  • defense and sex exhausts defending male in 1-2
    years
  • bachelor groups

57
  • ambergris- indigestible squid beaks in sticky
    mess, used in perfumes

58
  • Humpback whale- feed in the arctic
  • Breed in Hawaii

59
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60
  • Gray whale migration- summer in the arctic Ocean
    feeding on schools of krill
  • Breed in Baja California

61
EASY
  • 1. The lower chambers of the heart are called
  • 2. Marsupials and Monotremes composes what of
    mammals?
  • 3. Atridactyls are even or odd toed?
  • 4. Gland in the region of the neck of a rat
  • 5. Organ that links baby to material circulatory
    system.
  • 6. A cloaca would be found in what mammal?
  • 7. Name the sieve like structure in some whales.
  • 8. Marsupials are found mostly where?

62
MEDIUM
  • 1. Name 5 marsupials.
  • 2. Im a pinneped with great legs and a dog like
    face.
  • 3. Name two organs in the thoracic cavity.
  • 4. Another name for vibrissae is
  • 5. If you remove the organs in the abdominal
    cavity, what organs are along the back body wall?
  • 6. Blood enters the heart from the body in what
    chamber?
  • 7. What structures enter and exit the stomach?

63
DIFFICULT
  • 1. Explain the distribution of marsupials.
  • 2. Explain embryonic diapause. What is its
    adaptive value?
  • 3. Name the 2 blood vessels that carry blood to
    the heart from the body.
  • 4. Birthing a pig is called ________ and the mom
    is called a _______
  • 5. List 3 reasons why cows are evil.
  • 6. Describe the first mammal.

Kelsie,.............l . z... ???
64
STUDY GUIDE FOR MAMMALS(a copy will be handed
out)
  • 1. Heart anatomy and blood flow
  • 2. Rat anatomy from dissection lab
  • 3. History and behavior of rats from lab
  • 4. Characteristics of mammals
  • 5. Origin and structure of the placenta
  • 6. Diagram the placenta
  • 7. Characterize specific orders. Monotremes,
    Marsupials, Ungulates, Aquatic Mammals
  • 8. Explain why some people consider cows to be
    evil.
  • 9. Explain distribution of marsupials
  • 10. Explain origin of mammals.
  • 11. Trace the digestive system.
  • 12.Know the function of these systems
    circulatory, respiratory, digestive,
    reproductive, skeletal
  • 13. Notes from text reading
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