Title: MAMMALS
1MAMMALS
- RESOURCES
- 3 VIDEO CLIPS
- MARSUPIALS
- RAT DISSECTION
- TEXT Chap 808-829
2Class Mammalia kangaroo, bat, rodents, whales,
monkey, giraffe, man, horse, dog
- Incredible variety in size
- 1.5 g bat to 100 ton whale
- FEATURES
- young born live after gestation in the female
- mammary glands (sweat, oil, pheromone glands)
3- lung breathing throughout life
- diaphragm separates abdominal and thoracic
cavities
4 5- 4 chambered heart
- warm blooded
6- 7 neck vertebrae in most species
- 2 pairs of limbs for locomotion
7- care for few young
- internal fertilization
- internal development
8ORDER MONOTREMATA
- Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania
- ie. platypus, echidna
- most reptile like
- lay eggs
- echidna lays egg right into pouch
- don't control body temperature well
- cloaca
- no nipples but have mammary glands
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10Platypus
11echidna (spiny anteater) juvenile called puggle
12ORDER MARSUPALES
- Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania
- ie. koala, kangaroo, opossum, wombat 250
species - pouched mammals
- Show Koala video here
13Koala Bear
14Tasmanian Devil
15Flying Phalangers
16Wombat
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18opossum
19Kangaroo
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22- young born very helpless after a short gestation
in the female - must crawl to the pouch
- nipples in the pouch
- Assign reading and text questions
- (914-919)
23Why are they so isolated in Australia?
- Continents separated 60 million years ago and
left Australia with no placentals and only
marsupials and monotremes. - marsupials were out competed by placentals else
where in the world - DEFINE convergent evolution
- adaptive radiation
24PLACENTAL MAMMALS (draw the placenta)
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27- 14 orders
- 95 of all mammals
- placenta- organ in the uterus that connects
mothers circulatory system to that of the baby
28ORDERS of interest Ungulates
- -some of the largest mammals
- Why? Need a large stomach to digest coarse food
(like the .) - (cellulose primary component in the diet)
- many are built for speed
- long light legs, flexible spine, missing clavicle
- leg joints lack rotation, basically pendulum
movement
29CLASSIFICATION (based on feet, teeth and skulls)
- 2 Types
- Perrissodactyla- horse, rhino, tapir (odd toed)
30the UngulatesPerissodactyla
31the UngulatesPerissodactyla
32 - Formerly the most successful order (How do we
measure success?) - Number of species, individuals, land area,
number of habitats
33Artiodactyla
- - camel, antelope, hippo, sheep, cow, pig,
giraffe (even toed) - (currently the most successful)
34Order Artiodactylasuborder Suiformes
35Order Artiodactylasuborder Suiformes
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37Digestion
- Bacteria in the gut aid in digestion, produces
enzymes necessary to break down
cellulose (chemical digestion) - Repeated chewing of regurgitated veg. Matter
continues mechanical digestion in some species
38- Cows have a RUMEN a chamber off the stomach for
bacteria - Horse food flows through in 45 hours
- Cows food flows through in 100 hrs
39- More efficient at extracting nutrients from food
may explain this groups success!!!!
40PIGS (an even toed ungulate)
- Terminology
- Gilt-
- Sow-
- Boar-
- Barrow-
Virgin female Female that has given
birth Male Castrated male
41- Farrow giving birth
- Gestation 3 m 3w 3d
- Female puberty reached in 4-8 months, breed with
in 1 year, heat 1-5 days, 2 ½ litters per year
42COWS ARE EVIL (notes in honor of Mr.
Bangert)
- -require half the worlds useable land area
- -methane gas production green house gas
- -poor source of nutrition (high fat, cancer
agents, antibiotics) - -protein available from other sources
- -wasteful use of energy and water
43ORDER RODENTIA
- RAT DISSECTION
- Rats, mice, porcupine, beaver
- Chisel like front teeth
- 40 of placental mammals
- relatively small, adaptive, high reproductive
rate, intelligent
44MARINE MAMMALS (several orders)
- Pinnipedea- seals, sea lions, walrus, otters
- Related to carnivores
- Predators
- Blubber
- Breed on land
45- Seal (cat face)
- Cant move back legs
- Rear flippers
- Hunted for skin and
meat
46- sea lion (dog face)
- walks like a quadrupeds
- tricks in shows
47- Walrus
- Feeds off inverts from bottom
- Whiskers for feeling
- Tusks for digging
48Sirenia- manatee, dugongs
- Italian for mermaid- relative of the elephant
- Highly endangered
- Only vegetarian
- Skin, oil, meat (like veal)
- Front flippers and fluke
49Cetaceans- whales, dolphins, porpoises
- 90 species only 5 fresh water
- Whales
- toothed- predators narwhal, killer, dolphin
50Whales
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54a
55- broad flat tails (fluke), front limbs modified
into flippers, blow hole in nostril
56- social animals
- songs, pod, breaching
- harem- may have 40 females
- defense and sex exhausts defending male in 1-2
years - bachelor groups
57- ambergris- indigestible squid beaks in sticky
mess, used in perfumes
58- Humpback whale- feed in the arctic
- Breed in Hawaii
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60- Gray whale migration- summer in the arctic Ocean
feeding on schools of krill - Breed in Baja California
61EASY
- 1. The lower chambers of the heart are called
- 2. Marsupials and Monotremes composes what of
mammals? - 3. Atridactyls are even or odd toed?
- 4. Gland in the region of the neck of a rat
- 5. Organ that links baby to material circulatory
system. - 6. A cloaca would be found in what mammal?
- 7. Name the sieve like structure in some whales.
- 8. Marsupials are found mostly where?
62MEDIUM
- 1. Name 5 marsupials.
- 2. Im a pinneped with great legs and a dog like
face. - 3. Name two organs in the thoracic cavity.
- 4. Another name for vibrissae is
- 5. If you remove the organs in the abdominal
cavity, what organs are along the back body wall? - 6. Blood enters the heart from the body in what
chamber? - 7. What structures enter and exit the stomach?
63DIFFICULT
- 1. Explain the distribution of marsupials.
- 2. Explain embryonic diapause. What is its
adaptive value? - 3. Name the 2 blood vessels that carry blood to
the heart from the body. - 4. Birthing a pig is called ________ and the mom
is called a _______ - 5. List 3 reasons why cows are evil.
- 6. Describe the first mammal.
Kelsie,.............l . z... ???
64STUDY GUIDE FOR MAMMALS(a copy will be handed
out)
- 1. Heart anatomy and blood flow
- 2. Rat anatomy from dissection lab
- 3. History and behavior of rats from lab
- 4. Characteristics of mammals
- 5. Origin and structure of the placenta
- 6. Diagram the placenta
- 7. Characterize specific orders. Monotremes,
Marsupials, Ungulates, Aquatic Mammals - 8. Explain why some people consider cows to be
evil. - 9. Explain distribution of marsupials
- 10. Explain origin of mammals.
- 11. Trace the digestive system.
- 12.Know the function of these systems
circulatory, respiratory, digestive,
reproductive, skeletal - 13. Notes from text reading