Title: Reporting Juvenile Crime
1Reporting Juvenile Crime
- Measuring Juvenile Criminal Behavior
- Presented by Zak Morton
2Objectives
- Clarify what to count as a Juvenile Arrest
- Review the process of compiling the monthly
Juvenile ASR report - Clarify the difference between Race and Ethnic
Origin - Review Police Dispositions of Juveniles Under 16
Years of Age
3Juvenile-Under 18 Years of AgeFBI UCR Definition
- For UCR purposes a juvenile arrest is
- counted when the circumstances are such
- that if the individual was an adult, an arrest
- would have been made.
- - Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Handbook
4Measuring Criminal Activity
- Statistics are being gathered to measure
- criminal activity, not court activity or formal
- arrests
5What does the ASR Report collect?
- Total number of persons arrested, cited, or
summoned for all Part I and Part II crimes during
a specified month - Demographic characteristics of persons arrested
(age, sex, race, ethnic origin) - The number of persons arrested, not the number of
charges lodged
6Components of a Juvenile Arrest
- probable cause
- taken into custody,
- or issued an appearance ticket
7Taken Into Custody
- Taken into custody means that the juvenile is
- no longer free to leave regardless of whether he
- or she is
- handcuffed
- placed in a police vehicle
- brought to a police station
- taken directly to Family Court or secure
detention - given an appearance ticket
- OR
- warned and released without further action
8Warned and Released Example 1
- Juvenile male is taken into police custody
- after he is observed shoplifting
- After questioning, the juvenile is warned by the
police and released to his parents - No formal charges are brought against the
juvenile
9Warned and Released Example 2
- Juvenile is pulled over for speeding
- Vehicle search uncovers drug paraphernalia and a
small quantity of marijuana - Juvenile is detained by police until her legal
- guardian arrives at the scene
- Juvenile is released to legal guardian with no
formal charges are lodged
10What is NOT a juvenile arrest?
- If there is no probable cause, an arrest
- should NOT be counted on the ASR report.
11Examples
- Teenagers in the town park after closing are
instructed by police to leave. - A juvenile taken into custody for his or her own
protection, e.g., neglect cases. - Follow-up contact with young offenders by
officers for the purpose of determining the
offenders progress.
12Importance of ASR data
- In New York State, juvenile arrest data from
- the ASR Report is the ONLY indicator of
- juvenile crime.
- Used to inform policy and funding decisions.
- Measure Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC)
- Part of national data set
13Preparing the ASR Report
- Arrests of Juveniles Under 18 years of age
14(No Transcript)
15Count People, Not Charges
- The ASR Report counts the number of people
- arrested, not the number of charges lodged.
16The Hierarchy Rule
- If a person is arrested for multiple offenses
- that were committed simultaneously, only the
- offense highest in the hierarchy of UCR
- Crimes is counted.
17Hierarchy Rule Example
- Two women are arrested for breaking into a car
- dealership after closing hours (Burglary).
- They stole cash from the dealerships office
- safe (Larceny-theft) and two new automobiles
- from the garage (Motor Vehicle Theft).
- What offense should be reported?
18Separation of Time and Place
- A person may be arrested multiple times
- during a month for similar or different
- violations within a jurisdiction.
- When there is a separation of time between
- arrests, the agency must score each arrest
- separately.
19Separation of Time and Place Example
- Man and woman parked in secluded location
- Gunman shoots and kills man, abducts woman,
drives her across town and rapes her - Two separate crimes Homicide and Rape
- Hierarchy rule is not used due to separation of
time and place
20Classifying Race and Ethnic Origin
21Race and Ethnic Origin
- Races Black, White, American Indian or Alaskan
Native, Asian or Pacific Islander - Ethnic Origin Hispanic, Non-Hispanic
22Classifying Race
- White having origins in any of the original
- people of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle
- East.
23Classifying Race
- Black having origins in any of the black racial
- groups of Africa.
24Classifying Race
- American Indian or Alaskan Native Having
- origins in any of the original peoples of North
- America and who maintains cultural
- identification through tribal affiliation or
- community recognition.
25Classifying Race
- Asian or Pacific Islander Having origins in any
- of the original peoples of the Far East,
- Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, or
- Pacific Islands.
- This includes, China, India, Japan, Korea, the
- Philippine Islands, and Samoa.
26Ethnic Origin
- Hispanic A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican,
- Cuban, South or Central American, or other
- Spanish speaking culture, regardless
- of race.
- Non-Hispanic All other people.
27Determining Race and Ethnic Origin of Arrestees
- Use best judgment to determine the race AND
ethnic origin of the person arrested.
28Classifying Race and Ethnic Origin Example
- A 15 year old male is arrested after leaving a
- gas station without paying for the gas he
- pumped into his car. When police arrest
- him, he identifies himself as Puerto Rican.
- How should the arrestee be classified with
- regard to Race AND Ethnic Origin?
29Use Your Best Judgment!
- ALWAYS indicate the race and ethnic origin of
- the person arrested!
- Please do NOT leave either race and ethnic
- origin blank!
30Juvenile Disposition Data
- Persons Under 16 Years of Age
31Police Disposition of Juveniles
32State vs. National Definitions
- New York State Definition Under 16 Years of Age
- National Definition - Under 18 Years of Age
33Reconciling Juvenile Dispositions with the
Juvenile ASR form
- Only report the disposition of juveniles under 16
that were reported on the ASR - Do NOT include juveniles that did not commit a
UCR offense - Total dispositions total of reported arrests
of persons under 16 on the ASR
34Law Enforcement Interventions
- 1. Handled Within Department and Released
- 2. Referred to Juvenile Court or Probation
- 3. Referred to Welfare Agency
- 4. Referred to Other Police Agency
- 5. Referred to Criminal or Adult Court
351. Handled within Department and Released
- Juvenile Under 16 years of age
- Arrested, but not referred to family court
- No formal charge filed against the juvenile
362. Referred to Juvenile Court or Probation
- Include all Under-16 Juveniles referred to
- probation department
- person, agency, or group within jurisdiction of
Family Court
373. Referred to Welfare Agency
- Include juveniles referred to welfare agencies
- rather than family court or probation.
- Welfare agencies can be public or private.
- Examples Local Boys and Girls Club, Police
- Athletic League, or local Dept. of Social
- Services.
384. Referred to Other Police Agency
- Include Juveniles who
- 1. Are arrested at request of another law
enforcement agency - 2. Committed crime in one jurisdiction but reside
in another and turned over to home jurisdiction
for handling - These arrests should NOT be counted on the ASR
- report.
395. Referred to Criminal or Adult Court
- Include any Under-16 Juveniles referred to
- adult court for the juvenile offender process
40Discontinuation of Runaways
- DCJS has discontinued collecting data on
Runaways. - Unnecessary to report data for juveniles taken
into custody as runaways, truants, or curfew and
loitering law violators.
41Follow-Up on Inconsistent Data
- DCJS will call your agency to verify the accuracy
- of data that deviates from reported norms.
42(No Transcript)
43For More Information Please Contact
- NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services
- Crime Reporting Unit
- 1-800-262-3257
- Email crimereporting_at_dcjs.ny.gov