Hinduism

1
Hinduism

• Hinduism has no single founder and no single
  sacred text. It grew out of the beliefs of the
  diverse groups who settled in India. In Hinduism,
  salvation is achieved through a spiritual oneness
  of the soul.

2
Buddhism

• Buddhism developed in India, and is based on many
  of the core concepts of Hinduism and on the
  teachings of the Buddha, Siddhartha Guatama.

3

• Siddhartha Gautamas found the religion Buddhism.
  His teachings eventually spread across Asia. He
  explained the Four Noble Truths which are
• All life is full of suffering, pain and sorrow.
• The cause of suffering is the desire for things
  that are really illusions such as riches, power
  and long life.
• The only cure for suffering is to overcome
  desire.
• The way to overcome desire is to follow the
  Eightfold Path.

4
Chandragupta and Asoka

• Chandragupta was a young adventurer who first
  gained his power in the Ganges Valley. He then
  conquered northern India. His grandson Asoka was
  the most honored Maurya emperor. His rule brought
  peace and prosperity and helped unite the diverse
  people within his empire. He built roads and rest
  houses for travelers. After his death, Maurya
  power declined.

5
Kingdoms of the Deccan

• The Deccan was divided into many kingdoms, each
  with its own capital. The Tamil kingdoms which
  occupied much of the southernmost part of India,
  were sometimes ruled by queens. Trade was
  important to the Tamil kingdoms. They have left a
  rich and diverse literature, poets would describe
  fierce wars and heroic deeds as well as ordinary
  routines of their daily life.

6
Caste System

• Caste was linked to Hindu beliefs. To them,
  people in different castes were different species
  of beings. Complex caste rules governed every
  aspect of life-where people lived ,what the ate
  and how they dressed. The caste system gave
  people a sense of identity. Each caste had its
  own occupation and its own leaders.

7
Golden Age of the Guptas

• About 500 years after the Mauryas, the Gupta
  dynasty united much of India. Emperors organized
  a strong central government that promoted peace
  and prosperity. Trade and farming flourished
  across the Gupta empire.

8
Family Life

• The ideal family was the joint family in which
  parents children, grandchildren and their
  offspring shared a common dwelling.
• Children learned their family duties from an
  early age. Children worked with older relatives
  in the fields or at a family trade.
• A womans duty was to marry, show devotion to her
  husband and raise children. Women had few rights
  within the family and society.

9
Confucius

• Confucius was a brilliant scholar who hoped to
  become an adviser to a local ruler. He took
  little interest in religious matters. Instead he
  developed a philosophy that was concerned with
  worldly goals. He put filial piety, or respect
  for parents, above all other duties. In the
  centuries after Confucius died, his ideas
  influenced every area of Chinese life.

10
Daoism

• The founder of Daoism was known as Laozi, or old
  master. He is credited with writing The Way of
  Virtue, a book that had a large influence on
  Chinese life. Daoists sough to live in harmony
  with nature. They viewed government as unnatural
  and the cause of many problems. Gradually, people
  blended Confucian and Daoist teachings. People
  took beliefs and practices from each.
  Confucianism showed them how to behave. Daoism
  influences their view of the natural world.

11
Shi Huangdi

• Emperor Shi Huangdi abolished feudalism in China.
  His most remarkable achievement was the Great
  Wall. It became an important symbol to the
  Chinese people, dividing and protecting their
  civilized world.

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• The most famous Han emperor, Wudi, took China to
  new heights. He strengthened the government and
  economy. He followed a policy of expansionism by
  increasing the amount of territory under Chinese
  rule. He fought many battles to expand Chinas
  border. He also opened up a trade route called
  the Silk Road, that would link China and the west
  for centuries.

13
Silk Road

• Emperor Wudi opened up a trade route, later
  called the Silk Road, that linked China and the
  west. New foods such as grapes, cucumbers and
  walnuts went to China from western Asia.
  Eventually, the Silk Road stretched for 4,000
  miles, linking China to the Fertile Crescent in
  southwestern Asia.

14

• The Han period was one of the golden ages of
  Chinese civilization.
• Han scientists wrote texts on chemistry, zoology
  and botany.
• Chinese physicians diagnosed diseases,
  experimented with herbal remedies and other
  drugs.
• Han China was the most technologically advanced
  civilization in the world.

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Regents exam questions

• 1. The terms Brahma, Dharma, and Moksha are most
  closely associated with which religion?
• (1)Judaism (3) Hinduism
• (2)Islam (4) Anism
• 2. -Art and literature flourished during the
  Gupta Empire.
• -Indian scholars developed the concept of zero
• -Indian provinces were united after 200 years of
  war.
• The information in these statements refer to
• (1)Effects of European involvement in India
• (2)Indias Golden Age
• (3)Effects of isolationism
• (4)Islamic achievements in India

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• 3.One similarity between the Gupta dynasty in
  India and the Tang dynasty in China is that each
  dynasty
• (1)Promoted equality for religion
• (2) made advances in the arts, science and
  mathematics
• (3) Gained overseas colonies
• (4) Developed a representative government
• 4. The use of the Silk Road in Asia and caravan
  routes in northern Africa and southwestern Asia
  encouraged
• (1) Self efficiency (3) ethnocentrism
• (2)Cultural isolation (4) cultural
  diffusion
• 5. The five relationships taught by Confucius
  encouraged people to
• (1) Improve their position in life
• (2) Maintain social and political order
• (3) Respect and worship nature
• (4) Serve the needs of religious people

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Answer Key

• 1. (3)
• 2. (2)
• 3. (4)
• 4. (2)
• 5. (2)

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By Kaila
Calabrese