Unit V: Minerals, Rocks

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Unit V Minerals, Rocks Resources
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What is a mineral?

• Mineral

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Meaning that minerals

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Physical Properties of Minerals

• Color

Quartz
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• Luster how a mineral reflects light (shine)

Metallic vs. Nonmetallic
Dull, earthy, Waxy, glassy
Looks like Metal
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• Streak

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• Hardness
• the hardness is based on a number between 1 and
  10with 1 being the softest (talc) and 10 being
  the hardest (diamond)

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• Cleavage or Fracture
• Cleavage

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• Fracture

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• Density

Very heavy for its size high density
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• Chemical Properties

Acid Fizz
Salty Taste
Rotten Egg Smell
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What are minerals made out of?

• Elements

Halite (NaCl)
Sulfur (Element)
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Why do minerals made from the same elements
exhibit different properties?

Carbon Atoms (Diamond)
Carbon Atoms (Graphite)
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• Silicate Minerals

(4) Oxygen
Silicon in center
90 of all minerals most common
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What is a Rock?

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• Igneous Rocks
• molten rock can either be magmabelow the
  surface, or lavaabove the surface

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Two Igneous Rock Forming Environments

1. Extrusive (external)

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1. Intrusive (internal)

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How are igneous rocks classified?

1. Texture

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• Slow Cooling

Large Crystals
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• Fast Cooling

Small Crystals
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• Color
• Felsic

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• Mafic

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1. Sedimentary Rocks

Pieces of rocks
Chemical Reaction
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Three Types of Sedimentary Rocks

• Clastic

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• Finecant see (clay)
• Mediumcan see (sand)
• Coarsecan see (pebbles)

Conglomerate
Shale
Sandstone
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1. Chemical (crystalline)

Rock Salt (evaporation)
Rock Gypsum (chemical)
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1. Organic (Bioclastic)

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• sedimentary rocks

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• Metamorphic Rocks

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• There is NO MELTING of the existing rock!

What happens if a rock melts?
Igneous
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Two types of metamorphism

1. Contact Metamorphism

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• Regional Metamorphism

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Two Classifications of Meta Rocks

1. Foliated

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1. Non-foliated-

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Inferences we can make by looking at rocks
Marine Fossils
Sedimentary / Ocean
Igneous / cooled fast
Glassy
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Where do you find the three types of rocks?

1. Sedimentary

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1. Igneous

Granite
Basalt
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1. Metamorphic

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• Intrusive igneous and metamorphic rocks are
  exposed due to millions of years of weathering
  (breaking down) erosion (washing away)

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Rock Cycle
model that shows how rocks change
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Natural Resources

• Natural Resources

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Two Types of Resources

1. Renewable

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1. Non-renewable

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• Alternative Energy Sources