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Lesson 1: What is Sociology?

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Lesson 1: What is Sociology? Intro to Sociology Robert Wonser Introduction to Sociology: What is Sociology? * Lesson Quiz 5. A sense of disorientation that occurs ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Lesson 1: What is Sociology?


1
Lesson 1 What is Sociology?
  • Intro to SociologyRobert Wonser

2
Lesson Outline
  • What does society look like?
  • What is sociology?
  • Levels of Analysis
  • The Sociological Perspective
  • Starting your sociological journey

3
Cool Insights from Sociology
  • Humans cannot be understood apart from social
    context (i.e. society)
  • Society makes us who we are by structuring out
    interactions and laying out an orderly world
    before us
  • Society is a social construction, that is, it is
    an idea created by humans (i.e. doesnt exist in
    the biological world but only in the social
    world) through social interaction and given a
    reality through our understanding of it and our
    collective actions.

4
Society Influences You
  • Death Related to society? Of course!

5
Baby Names
6
Names that have gained the most popularity, 2004
2010 ...Or, the names Ill begin seeing
all the time in 2022-2028
7
What Does Society Look Like?
  • While the idea of society is familiar, describing
    it can be difficult. Ultimately society is made
    up of many different components, such as culture,
    race, family, education, social class, and
    peoples interactions.
  • People who share a culture and territory

8
Meaning through Interaction
  • People actively and collectively shape their own
    lives, organizing their social interactions and
    relationships into a meaningful world.
  • Sociologists study this social behavior by
    seeking out its patterns.
  • Patterns are crucial to our understanding of
    society

9
Society
  • Society is a group of people who shape their
    lives in aggregated and patterned ways that
    distinguish their group from other groups.

10
The Social Sciences
  • Social Sciences are the disciplines that use the
    scientific method to examine the social world, in
    contrast to the natural sciences, which examine
    the physical world.
  • Examples of social sciences include economics,
    psychology, geography, communication studies,
    anthropology, history, and political science.

11
How Sociology fits in
12
What is Sociology?
  • Sociology is the systematic or scientific study
    of human society and social behavior, from
    large-scale institutions and mass culture to
    small groups and individual interactions.
  • Sociology is also the study of reifications, or
    social constructions.

13
Sociology
  • Howard Becker defined sociology as the study of
    people doing things together.
  • This reminds us that society and the individual
    are inherently connected, and each depends on the
    other.
  • Sociologists study this link how society affects
    the individual and how the individual affects
    society.

14
Levels of Analysis
  • We can study society from different levels
  • Microsociology is the level of analysis that
    studies face-to-face and small-group interactions
    in order to understand how they affect the larger
    patterns and institutions of society.
  • Microsociology focuses on small-scale issues.
  • Ex Symbolic Interactionism

15
Levels of Analysis (cont)
  • Macrosociology is the level of analysis that
    studies large-scale social structures in order to
    determine how they affect the lives of groups and
    individuals.
  • Macrosociology focuses on large-scale issues.
  • Ex Functionalism, Conflict Theory

16
How We Use Levels of Analysis
  • Pam Fishman took a micro-level approach to
    studying issues of power in malefemale
    relationships.
  • She found that in conversation, women ask nearly
    three times as many questions as men do, perhaps
    because a speaker is much more likely to ask a
    question if he or she does not expect to get a
    response by simply making a statement.

17
How We Use Levels of Analysis
  • Christine Williams took a macro-level approach to
    studying women in male-dominated occupations and
    men in female-dominated occupations.
  • She found that women in male-dominated positions
    faced limits on their advancement (the glass
    ceiling), while men in female-dominated positions
    experienced rapid rates of advancement (the glass
    escalator).

18
Levels of Analysis (cont)
  • When conducting research, methodology involves
    the process by which one gathers and analyzes
    data.
  • Quantitative research translates the social world
    into numbers that can be treated mathematically
    this type of research often tries to find
    cause-and-effect relationships.
  • Any type of social statistic is an example of
    quantitative research.

19
Levels of Analysis (cont)
  • Qualitative research works with non-numerical
    data such as texts, fieldnotes, interview
    transcripts, photographs, and tape recordings
    this type of research often tries to understand
    how people make sense of their world.
  • Participant observation, in which the researcher
    actually takes part in the social world he or she
    studies, is an example of qualitative research.

20
The Sociological Imagination
  • C. Wright Mills used the term sociological
    imagination to describe the ability to look at
    issues from a sociological perspective.
  • Personal troubles versus public issues
  • Ex unemployment, obesity

21
The Sociological Perspective
  • The sociological perspective is a quality of the
    mind that allows us to understand the
    relationship between our particular situation in
    life and what is happening at a social level.
  • Sociological perspective and sociological
    imagination are often used interchangeably.

22
The Sociological Perspective
  • When using a sociological perspective, one
    focuses on the social context in which people
    live and how that social context has an impact on
    individuals lives.
  • This is the essence of what sociology does.
  • Making the familiar strange

23
Using the Sociological Perspective
  • In small groups
  • How would you explain the following social
    problems using the sociological
    imagination/perspective?
  • Obesity
  • Homelessness/Poverty
  • Unemployment
  • Marriage
  • The metropolis
  • War

24
The Sociological Perspective (cont)
  • One way to gain a sociological perspective is to
    attempt to create in ourselves a sense of culture
    shock, which is a sense of disorientation that
    occurs when one enters a radically new social or
    cultural environment.

25
The Sociological Perspective (cont)
  • Bernard McGrane suggests that people wanting to
    use a sociological perspective should utilize a
    beginners mind, which means approaching the
    world without preconceptions in order to see
    things in a new way.

26
Starting Your Sociological Journey
  • An important distinction can be made between the
    everyday actor, who has the practical knowledge
    needed to get through daily life, but not
    necessarily the scientific or technical knowledge
    of how things work,

27
Starting Your Sociological Journey
  • and the social analyst, who studies the social
    world in a systematic, comprehensive, coherent,
    clear, and consistent manner in the pursuit of
    scientific knowledge.
  • Both approaches have strengths and weaknesses.

28
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29
Take Away Points
  • Humans cannot be understood apart from the social
    context they live in (society, culture and time
    place)
  • The world around us profoundly shapes and
    influences who we are, how we behave and even
    how/what we think.
  • It is the job of the sociologist to understand
    how this process works and to what effect.

30
Lesson Quiz
  • 1. Which of the following is NOT an example of a
    social science?
  • a. biology
  • b. political science
  • c. psychology
  • d. economics

31
Lesson Quiz
  • 2. Sociology is defined as
  • a. the scientific study of humans.
  • b. the study of ancient cultures and behavior.
  • c. the study of how the brain works.
  • d. the study of human society and social
    behavior.

32
Lesson Quiz
  • 3. __________ is the level of analysis that
    studies face-to-face and small-group interactions
    in order to understand how those interactions
    affect the larger patterns and institutions of
    society.
  • a. Microsociology
  • b. Macrosociology
  • c. Sociology
  • d. Social science

33
Lesson Quiz
  • 4. The glass escalator effect refers to the
  • a. limits on the advancement of women in the
    workplace.
  • b. limits on the advancement of men in the
    workplace.
  • c. rapid rate of upward mobility for women.
  • d. rapid rate of upward mobility for men in
    female-dominated workplaces.

34
Lesson Quiz
  • 5. A sense of disorientation that occurs when you
    enter a radically new social or cultural
    environment is called
  • a. cultural mind.
  • b. culture shakes.
  • c. cultural fear.
  • d. culture shock.

35
For Next Time
  • How we come to understand the social world
  • Theories and Theorists
  • Read! (check your syllabus for assigned readings!)
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