EGYPT - Religion

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EGYPT - Religion

• Gods and Godesses, Book of Dead, Spirit of Dead,
  Mummification, and the Afterlife

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• Egyptian Religion Vocabulary

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Polytheism

• Polytheism is the belief in many gods.
• Egyptians and Mesopotamians both had religions
  that were a form of polytheism.

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Deity

• A deity is another word for god or goddess.
• The Egyptian religion had many deities.

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Gods and Goddesses

• Ancient Egyptians worshipped over 2000 different
  gods
• Before Egypt was united, their were 40 tribes all
  with different gods.
• After Egypt was united, all the Gods were kept,
  so many gods had similar characteristics
• Many gods and goddesses had the head of an animal
  and the body of a human.

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How Gods Dressed

• Tunic with suspenders.
• Dress with suspenders.
• The short loincloth
• The short-sleeved overall
• The full-length dress

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Important GodsAmun

• Appearance A Man
• with a ram-head wearing
• an ostrich feather hat
• Amun was one of the
• most powerful gods in
• ancient Egypt.
• At the height of Egyptian civilisation he was
  called the 'King of the Gods'.

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Important GodsAtum

• Appearance Man with
• the double crown
• Atum was a creator god.
• It was belived that Atum was
• the first god to exist on earth.

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Important GodsAnubis

• Appearance A Man
• with the head of a jackal
• Anubis was the god of embalming and the dead.
• Jackals were often seen found in cemeteries,
  because of this it was believed that Anubis
  watched over the dead.

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Important Gods Ra (re)

• Sun God
• Appearance
• A man with the head of a
• Hawk wearing a sun disk headdress
• He was the most important God
• The ancient Egyptians believed that each night Ra
  was swallowed night by Nut, the sky goddess then
  reborn in the morning.

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Important Gods Maat

• Appearance
• A Woman with a feather on top
• of her head
• Ma'at was the goddess of truth, justice and
  harmony.
• Maat was oftene associated with the balance of
  things on earth

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Important GodsThoth

• Appearance A man with
• the head of an ibis holding
• a writing palette
• Thoth was the god of knowledge and writing
• It was said that he gave the gift of hieroglyphics

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Important GodsHorus

• Appearance Man with
• the head of a hawk
• Horus was a god of the sky.
• He is the protector of the ruler
• of Egypt.
• It was believed that the pharaoh was the 'living
  Horus'.

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Important GodsOsiris

• Appearance A mummified
• man who is wearing a white
• headdress with feathers
• Osiris was the god of the dead,
• and ruler of the Underworld.
• Osiris was also the god of vegetation (plant
  matter) thats why he is green in appearance.

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BOOK OF THE DEAD

• Contains spells, charms, passwords and numbers to
  help secure an easy passage for the deceased into
  the after life
• Egyptians believed that knowledge of the
  appropriate spells was essential to achieving
  happiness in the next life
• The book of the Dead was first inscribed on the
  sarcophagus, then later written on papyrus paper

The book of dead inscribed on tomb ? ? weighing
of the heart against Ma'ats Feather
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BOOK OF THE DEAD (reu nu pert em hru)

• Spell 125 is one of the most well known segments
  which is the judging of the soul done by Osiris
  and his 42 judges
• The weighing of the heart against Ma'at is
  considered one of the more important chapters
• "Book of the Dead" meant to aid deceased in not
  dying a second time and becoming an akh

The book of dead inscribed on tomb ? ? weighing
of the heart against Ma'ats Feather
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SPIRIT OF THE DEAD

• Egyptians believe that each person is composed of
  three essential elements
• Ka (soul or spirit of a person),
• Ba (personality),
• Akh ( the body in which the soul is kept in the
  afterlife)
• Ka, ba and akh are believed to be immortal (never
  dies) parts of the soul thus remaining alive
  inside the body after death.

• Ba
• Ka ?

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SPIRIT OF THE DEAD

• In the Opening of the Mouth ceremony, the ba and
  ka are released into the next world
• Upon death, the ba and ka become separated from
  the body but remain alive
• Because the body of the deceased is mummified,
  the body must rely on the ba to find the ka

• Ba leaving the body