Physicians and Nurses

1
Physicians and Nurses

• As inputs into the production of health

2
Introduction
3
Understanding the Physicians Market

• The Requirements for Becoming a Physician
• Graduation from accredited school.
• MD Doctors of medicine.
• Other medical practitioners limited by licensing

4
Licensing

• CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant) 150 hrs of
  training
• LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse) 9months-3 years
• RN (Registered Nurse) exam after one of 3 routes
  (Assoc., BA, Hospital)
• NP (Nurse Practitioner) RN plus advanced training
• PA (Physician Assistants) 2-3 years post BA
• MD (Doctor of Medicine) 4 years post BA plus 1 yr
  intern min. plus residency.

5
Post WW II Shortage of physicians

• Health planners evaluation of the physician
  supply
• Economic analysis of the physician shortage
•  
• Barriers to entry
•  
• Policy response to shortage
•  

6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
Choice of field specialization

• Using economic incentives to alter the
  distribution of physicians
• Public policy change incentives
•  
• Incentives provided by the private insurance
  market
•  
• Has changing the incentives made a difference?

12

• http//www.cejkasearch.com/compensation/amga_physi
  cian_compensation_survey.htm

13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
National average 29 Female
20
Supply of Physician Services

• Backward bending supply curve for physicians
• Income versus substitution effect of rising
  wages.
• Gender Effects. Women Supply fewer lifetime hours
  to market.

21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
Projections about the supply and demand of
physicians

• Views of economists and health planners

24
Understanding the Nurses Market
25
Has there been a chronic shortage of Nurses?

• Historical overview 1980 to the Present
• Cyclical shortages and policy responses
•  
• Nurses wages
•  
• Is the market for nurses a monopsony

26
(No Transcript)
27
US Ave836
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
Monopsony

• http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007297883x/s
  tudent_view0/chapter16/interactive_graph_2.html

31
Projections about future demand and supply for
nurses
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
Gender and RNs

• Men still comprise a very small percentage of the
  total RN population although their numbers have
  continued to grow. Of the estimated 2,694,540 RNs
  in the US, 146,902 or 5.4 percent are men. This
  is a 226 percent increase in the number of male
  RNs in two decades. In 1980, the number of men in
  the RN population was estimated at 45,060 or 2.7
  percent of the RN population. Each of the surveys
  indicates that the number of men has grown at a
  much faster rate than has the total RN population.

35
PA s per 100,000