Chapter 6 Quiz

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Chapter 6 Quiz

• Learning

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Dont forget to write your answers on a separate
piece of paper to grade when youre done!

• 1. Once Pavlovs dogs learned to salivate to the
  sound of a tuning fork, the tuning fork was a(n)
• a) unconditioned stimulus
• b) neutral stimulus
• c) conditioned stimulus
• d) unconditioned response

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• 2. Shaping is
• a) a pattern of responses that must be made
  before classical conditioning is completed
• b) rewarding behaviors that get closer and
  closer to the desired goal behavior
• c) completing a set of behaviors in a
  succession before a reward is given
• d) giving you chocolate pudding to increase the
  likelihood you will eat more carrots

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• 3. John loves to fish. He puts his line in the
  water and leaves it there until he feels a tug.
  On what reinforcement schedule is he rewarded?
• a) fixed ratio
• b) fixed interval
• c) variable ratio
• d) variable interval

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• 4. Chimpanzees given tokens for performing
  tricks were able to put the tokens in vending
  machines to get grapes. The tokens acted as
• a) primary reinforcers
• b) classical conditioning
• c) secondary reinforcers
• d) unconditioned reinforcers

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• 5. Try as you might, you are unable to teach
  your dog to do a somersault. He will roll around
  on the ground, but he refuses to execute the
  gymnastic move you desire because of
• a) preparedness
• b) instinctive drift
• c) chaining
• d) shaping

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• 6. Watson and Rayners classical conditioning of
  Little Albert was helpful in explaining that
• a) some conditioned stimuli do not generalize
• b) human emotions such as fear are subject to
  classical conditioning
• c) drug dependency is subject to classical as
  well as operant conditioning
• d) small children are not as easily conditioned
  as older children

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• 7. Jamel got very sick after eating some
  mushrooms on a pizza at his friends house. He
  didnt know that he had a stomach virus at the
  time, blamed his illness on the mushrooms, and
  refused to eat them again. Which of the
  following is the unconditioned stimulus for his
  taste aversion to mushrooms?
• a) pizza
• b) stomach virus
• c) mushrooms
• d) headache

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• 8. If a previous experience has given your pet
  the expectancy that nothing it does will prevent
  an aversive stimulus from occurring, it will
  likely
• a) be motivated to seek comfort from you
• b) experience learned helplessness
• c) model the behavior of other pets in hopes of
  avoiding it
• d) seek out challenges like this in the future
  to disprove the expectation

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• 9. While readying to take a free-throw shot, you
  suddenly arrive at the answer to a chemistry
  problem youd been working on several hours
  before. This is an example of
• a) insight
• b) backward conditioning
• c) latent learning
• d) discrimination

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• 10. Which of the following is an example of
  positive reinforcement?
• a) Buying a child a video game after she throws
  a tantrum.
• b) Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
• c) Assigning a student detention for fighting.
• d) Getting a cavity filled at the dentist to
  halt a toothache.

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• 11. The first step in a behavior modification
  program is to
• a) gather baseline data
• b) specify the antecedent
• c) specify the target behavior
• d) design a program

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• 12. In classical conditioning, the stimulus that
  is originally neutral in regard to the response
  to be learned is the
• a) unconditioned stimulus
• b) unconditioned response
• c) conditioned stimulus
• d) conditioned response

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• 13. Typically, most people would
• a) enjoy being negatively reinforced or
  punished
• b) dislike being negatively reinforced or
  punished
• c) enjoy being negatively reinforced and
  dislike being punished
• d) enjoy being punished and dislike being
  negatively reinforced

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• 14. Classical conditioning could account for how
  a child learns to
• a) sing a song
• b) tie shoe laces
• c) print letters
• d) fear the dark

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• 15. The initial stage of learning a response is
  called
• a) extinction
• b) contiguity
• c) acquisition
• d) conditioning

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Chapter 6 Answer Key

• 1. C
• 2. B
• 3. D
• 4. C
• 5. B
• 6. B
• 7. B
• 8. B
• 9. A
• 10. A

• 11. C
• 12. C
• 13. C
• 14. D
• 15. C

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Essay Question Possibilities!!

• One of the following essay questions will appear
  on your test, be familiar with all of them!!

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Essay Question 1

• Explain how a specific phobia could be acquired
  through classical conditioning, being sure to
  identify the unconditioned stimulus,
  unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and
  conditioned response in your example. Also,
  using classical conditioning, indicate how the
  phobia could be eliminated.

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Essay Question 2

• Provide specific, everyday examples (for
  instance, from child-rearing) of the following
  operant-conditioning phenomena positive
  reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and
  punishment.

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Essay Question 3

• Compare the acquisition procedures in classical
  and operant conditioning. What is the essential
  differences between the two types of conditioning?

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Essay Question 4

• Briefly describe observational learning, and
  explain how it relates to classical and operant
  conditioning.

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Essay Question 5

• Design a self-modification program to improve
  your study habits.

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Good Luck!

• Make sure to double check all of your answers and
  study them for the upcoming exam. Remember, AT
  LEAST FIVE of the questions from this quiz will
  make some sort of appearance on the chapter test
  along with one of the essay questions.
• Take advantage of this study guide and good luck
  on your test!