Foreign influence in China

1
Chapter 12-1

• Foreign influence in China
• 1800-1917

2
European arrival and Chinese reaction

• Europeans brought with them items to trade but
  the Chinese were not impressed.
• China believed it was self sufficient.

3
Chinese self sufficiency

• China believed it was self sufficient because
• It had a healthy agricultural economy
• Plentiful rice in the south
• Maize, corn and potatoes from the Americas
• Mining, manufacturing, salt and tin was abundant.

4
Guangzhou

• The only trade port in all of China open to
  foreigners.
• All trade controlled by China
• China had a favorable balance of trade.

5
Opium Wars

• Causes- Qing emperor demanded that Britain stop
  sending Opium to China, Britain refused.
• In 1839 war broke out but England won because of
  its superior weapons and navy.
• Treaty of Nanjing- peace treaty ending the war
  and giving Britain control of Hong Kong and
  foreigners given extraterritorial rights (not
  subject to Chinese laws)
• Greatly increased Chinese resentment of
  foreigners.

6
Chinese international problems

• Population grew by 30 but food supplies could
  not keep up.
• Hunger, famine and opium addiction spread.
• Soon the Qing faced rebellion.

7
The Taiping Rebellion

• Hong Xiuquan built an organization called the
  Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace.
• Its goal was to share the wealth and allow no
  poverty.
• In 1853, rebellion broke out and his 1 million
  man army captured Tapai.
• He withdrew from public life and 11 years later
  the kingdom collapsed due to foreign troops and
  the imperial army.

8
Empress Cixi

• Proposed that China start a self strengthening
  movement
• The goals were to update Chinas educational
  system, diplomatic system and its army in order
  to resist foreign influence.

9
Europeans move into China

• Nations took advantage of a weakened China as it
  had failed to strengthen fast enough.
• Treaties had also given foreign nations control
  over parts of China and its economy.
• Countries also formed spheres of influence in
  China- Chinese trade and investment controlled by
  foreign nations.
• Page 338 map shows how many countries were in
  China

10
Open Door Policy

• Letters written by Sec. of State John Hay that
  stated
• China needed to open to free trade.
• The U.S. would protect its right to free trade in
  China
• This meant the U.S. had moved into China as an
  imperial power along with European nations.

11
Boxer Rebellion

• A group known as the Society of Righteous and
  Harmonious Fists resented foreign influence in
  China and rebelled against the Dowager Empress.
• In 1900, foreign property was destroyed and
  foreigners were killed or kidnapped.
• This rebellion was broken up by a foreign army
  including the U.S., British, French, and German
  troops totaling 19,000 men.

12
The Boxer Rebellion
13
Impact of the Boxer Rebellion

• Empress knew she needed to reform China or face
  further revolt.
• She began to send diplomats throughout the world
  in order to study western political ways.
• She created a national assembly along with a full
  constitutional government.
• Strong sense of nationalism starts to emerge in
  China

14
The last emperor