Robert Hooke

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4A Cell Organelles

• specialized structures within a living cell

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Cell Wall

• Structure
• Outer layer of a cell
• Made of cellulose
• Rigid strong

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Cell Wall

• Function
• Provides support (maintains cell shape)
• Protects cell
• Helps maintain cell shape
• Allows O2, H2O, CO2 into out of cell

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Cell Wall
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Cell (Plasma) Membrane

• Structure
• Outer layer of an animal cell
• Inside cell wall in plants
• Selectively permeable
• Double layer of phospholipids with proteins

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Cell (Plasma) Membrane

• Function
• Provides support protection
• Controls movement of materials into out of cell
• Maintains homeostasis - balance

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Cell (Plasma) Membrane
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Nucleus

• Structure
• Large, dark center of cell
• Holds DNA

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Nucleus

• Function
• Controls all cellular activities
• Contains hereditary (genetic info) material of
  the cell

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Nucleus
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Cytoplasm

• Structure
• Clear, thick, jellylike material
• Organelles are found inside cytoplasm
• Contains the cytoskeleton fibers

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Cytoplasm

• Function
• Supports and protects cell organelles

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Cytoplasm
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Chloroplast

• Structure
• oval shaped containing chlorophyll (green
  pigment)
• Stacks of thylakoids inside called grana
• Gel-like, innermost substance called stroma

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Chloroplast

• Function
• Uses E from the sun to make food (glucose) for
  plants in a process called photosynthesis
• Releases oxygen

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Chloroplast
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Mitochondria

• Structure
• Peanut shaped
• Double membrane w/ smooth outermembrane

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Mitochondria

• Function
• Breaks down glucose molecules to release energy
  in the form of ATP
• Site of aerobic respiration
• Releases CO2

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Mitochondria
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Structure
• Network of tubes or membranes
• Smooth without ribosomes
• Rough with ribosomes
• Connects nuclear envelope cell membrane

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Function
• Carries materials through cell
• Aids in making proteins transporting them to
  Golgi bodies

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Ribosome

• Structure
• Small round bodies free or attached to ER
• Made of rRNA protein

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Ribosome

• Function
• Synthesize (make) proteins

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Ribosome
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Ribosome
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Lysosome

• Structure
• Small round with a single membrane

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Lysosome

• Function
• Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller
  molecules
• digests old cell parts

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Lysosome
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Golgi Body (apparatus)

• Structure
• Stacks of flattened sacs

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Golgi Body (apparatus)

• Function
• Modify proteins made by the cells
• Packages exports the proteins

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Golgi Body (apparatus)
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Centrioles

• Structure
• Paired structures near the nucleus
• Made of a cylinder of microtubule pairs

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Centrioles

• Function
• Assist in cell division

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Centrioles
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Vacuoles

• Structure
• Fluid-filled sacs
• Largest organelle in plant cells

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Vacuoles

• Function
• Store water, food wastes
• Store large amounys of food or sugars in plants

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Vacuole
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Cilia

• Structure
• Short, hair-like structures

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Cilia

• Function
• Aids in movement

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Cilia
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Flagella

• Structure
• Long, tail-like structures

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Flagella

• Function
• Aids in movement

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Flagella