TERMINOLOGY

1
TERMINOLOGY

• Quran- verbatim word of God revealed to
  Prophet Muhammad (s)
• Hadith Qudsi- word of God in the language of
  the Prophet (s)
• Qudsi does not necessarily mean confirmed or
  authentic can be forgery,
• There can be weak or strong hadith

2
  DEFINITION OF HADITH

• In Arabic hadith means talk or news
• Also used to describe something new
• (de novo)
• In the Islamic literature perspective, Hadith
  refers to the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (S)

3
REASONS for ABSENCE OF WRITTEN HADITH at the time
of the Prophet (PBUH)

• Prophet Muhammad did not recommend writing down
  the hadith because
• There would be 2 texts but the Ummah should
  have one authentic, guarded text The Quran
• Vast majority of people were illiterate
• There was no standard at that time to write the
  context of the hadith

4
DURING THE TIME OF THE FOUR RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS

• All of the four Caliphs refused to record the
  Hadith
• They required 2 witnesses as a proof of any
  one quotation relayed to the Prophet (PBUH)

5
ARGUMENTS THAT HADITH ARE NOT NECESSARY

• The hadith were not allowed to be written at the
  time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
• Quran is a complete source of guidance
• The word hadith is not mentioned in the Quran

6
COUNTER- ARGUMENTS

• God sent th Prophet down to humankind to make
  clear what has been bestowed on us
• God commands humankind to follow the Prophet
• God says in the Quran that you will find an
  example to follow in the Prophet in order to be
  good

7
THE AUTHENTICATION PROCESS

• Reference system Sanad is the chain of
  narrators
• Bibliography and evaluation of the narrators
• was done to ensure accuracy of any statement
• Critique of Al Matn, body of the text
• Scholars felt it easier to critique the sanad,
  rather than the matn

8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
CATEGORIZATION OF Hadithaccording to Sanad

• Marfoo- (elevated or promoted) hadith can be
  traced to the prophet direct from him to the
  next link
• Maqtoo (severed or cut) chain stops at a
  companion of the Prophet
• Another Terminology
• Musnad- elevated to the Prophet
• Mursal- chain stops at a successor

11
WEAK CHAINS

• MUNQUATIE- one link missing in the chain
• MUEDIL- more than one link is missing
• MUALLAQ- suspended, if all links are missing

12
NUMBER OF NARRATORS

• Mutawatir- narrated by a large group of people
  who received it from another large group of
  people, leading back to Prophet Muhammad they
  should be too numerous to leave room for
  conspiring to lie
• Singular- the chain at all or some levels is a
  single individual represents probability, but
  not certainty of authenticity

13
THE RANKS OF HADITH

• Saheeh- sound according the rules of the
  compiler
• Hasan- good the chain is fair, but not perfect
• Dhaeif- weak members of the chain are unreliable
  
• Mawude- the hadith is forged

14
DIVISION OF THE SUNNAH OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD

• Non Legal Sunnah Sunnah Ghayr Tashriiyyah-
  actions and sayings of the Prophet that were not
  meant to set a binding legal rule
• Subtypes
• Natural human activities of the Prophet (i.e.
  sleep, dress)
• Things related to social custom or habit (i.e.
  agricultural methods)
• Specific circumstances (i.e. strategies of war)

15
CRITERIA of evaluating the Matn Of The HADITH

• Some scholars have recommended the following
  criteria to doubt certain
• Hadith, so the hadith should not be automatically
  accepted
• 1- If it contradicts the Quran, the mutawatir
  hadith, or consensus of the scholars
• 2- If it is against reason
• 3- If it is against common experience
• 4- If an event is relayed by a single individual,
  but it was witnessed by many, yet they did not
  relay it
• 5- If the hadith mentions a severe punishment for
  a simple mistake, or a great reward for an
  insignificant good deed

a
16
We Need Critical Study of a HADITHIf The Hadith
Is

• Attaching superior value to certain parts of the
  Quran
• Highlighting superior value and virtue to a
  person or place
• Prophecies conveying specific times and dates
• Ideas that do not befit the Prophet and his
  character
• Use of imperfect Arabic language

17
(No Transcript)
18
FAMOUS SCHOLARS OF HADITH

• Al Boukhary (Died 256 H)
• Muslim (Died 261H)
• Al Tirmidhi (Died 279H)
• Abu Dawood (Died 275H)
• Ibn Majah (Died 273H)
• Al Nisae (Died 303H)