Mating System

1
Mating System

• Dr.Wuttigrai Boonkum
• Department of Animal Science
• Faculty of Agriculture, KKU

2
Mating System
Mating system ???? ????????????????????? ???????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
????????? ??????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????? ???
1.) ?????????????????????????????????? (uniform,
wild animal) 2.) ????????????????????????????
(New Animal, ??? liger) 3.)
??????????????????????????? (Pure breed, native
animal) 4.) ????????????????????????????? (Up
grading) 5.) ???????????????????????
(Avoidable Inbreeding) 6.) ???????????????????
?????????????? (Heterosis)
3
Mating System
Mating System
Non-random mating
Random mating
Inbreeding
Outbreeding
Selfing
Sibling
Sire-offspring
Linebreeding
Outcrossing
Linecrossing
Grading Up
Species crossing
Crossbreeding
2-Breed crossing
3-Breed crossing
Sequence crossing
Synthetic crossing
Backcross
2-Breed Rotational crossing
3-Breed Rotational crossing
4
Random mating vs Non-random mating
Random mating
??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
? ???????????????????????????
??????????????????
Non - random mating
??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
???? ???????????????????????????
?????????????? ?????? ????
5
Non - random mating
???????????????? ???? ???????????
???????????
????????
6
Non - random mating
???????????????????? (positive assortive mating)
7
Non - random mating
???????????????????? (negative assortive mating)
8
Non - random mating
?????????????????? (by chance)
9
Non - random mating
Non random mating ????????????????? 2
?????????????
Inbreeding
Outbreeding
10
Inbreeding
Inbreeding ??? ???????????????????????????????????
?????????? ????? ? ???????????????????????????
(homozygous) ??????? ? ???????????????????????
(Inbreeding depression) ???????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???? ??????????????????
11
Inbreeding
Inbreeding ???????????????????????????????????????
????
??????

• Selfing ???? Self-fertilization
• Cloning
• Sibling
• Sire offspring
• Linebreeding

Human cloning
Fullsib
Halfsib
Dolly sheep
12
Inbreeding
Inbreeding ???????????????????????????????????????
????

• Sire offspring
• Linebreeding

Sire-daughter mating (frozen semen)
Dam
Line1
Line2
Daughter
Grand Daughter
Great-Grand Daughter
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Outbreeding
Outbreeding ??? ??????????????????????????????????
??????????????
??????????????????? ????????????????????? ????? ?
???????????????????????????? (heterozygous) ?
??????????????????????????????????????????
(heterosis or hybrid vigor) ??????? ?
????????????????????????? (genetic loss AA, aa)
14
Outbreeding
Outbreeding ??????????????????????????????????????
?????
Unknown gt 4 ancestor

• Outcrossing
• Crossbreeding
• Linecrossing
• Grading up
• Species cross (hybridization)

Seedstock breeders or Pure breed
15
Outbreeding
Outbreeding ??????????????????????????????????????
?????
InBreedLine1
InBreedLine2

• Outcrossing
• Crossbreeding
• Linecrossing
• Grading up
• Species cross (hybridization)

????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????? ????
? heterosis
??????????????????????????????????????????
????????????? G A D I ????????????????
16
Outbreeding
Outbreeding ??????????????????????????????????????
?????
A Sire 100
B Dam 100

• Outcrossing
• Crossbreeding
• Linecrossing
• Grading up
• Species cross (hybridization)

A Sire 100
A 50B 50
A Sire 100
A 75B 25
???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????
???????????????????????? 100 ???????????????
17
Outbreeding
Outbreeding ??????????????????????????????????????
?????

• Outcrossing
• Crossbreeding
• Linecrossing
• Grading up
• Species cross (hybridization)

ass
horse
mule
????????????????????????????? species ???
?????????? species ???????????????????????????????
????????????
???????????????????????
????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
??????????????????
18
Outbreeding
Outbreeding ??????????????????????????????????????
?????

• Outcrossing
• Crossbreeding
• Linecrossing
• Grading up
• Species cross (hybridization)

???????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
??????????????????????????????? 2
?????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
????
????????????? maternal effect ????????????????????
?????????? ???????????????
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Outbreeding
Crossbreeding ????????????????????????????????????
???????

• 2-way crossing or 2-breed crossing
• 3-way crossing or 3-breed crossing
• Backcross
• Criss crossing or 2-breed rotational crossing
• 3-breed rotational crossing

??????????????????????????????? 2
?????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????
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Outbreeding
Crossbreeding ????????????????????????????????????
???????
A
B

• 2-way crossing or 2-breed crossing
• 3-way crossing or 3-breed crossing
• Backcross
• Criss crossing or 2-breed rotational crossing
• 3-breed rotational crossing

AB
C
ABC
??????????????????????????????? 3
?????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????
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Outbreeding
Crossbreeding ????????????????????????????????????
???????
A
B

• 2-way crossing or 2-breed crossing
• 3-way crossing or 3-breed crossing
• Backcross
• Criss crossing or 2-breed rotational crossing
• 3-breed rotational crossing

AB
A
¾ A ½ B
?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???
?????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
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Outbreeding
Crossbreeding ????????????????????????????????????
???????
A
B

• 2-way crossing or 2-breed crossing
• 3-way crossing or 3-breed crossing
• Backcross
• Criss crossing or 2-breed rotational crossing
• 3-breed rotational crossing

A
½ A ½ B
B
¾ A ½ B
?????????????????????????????????? 2 ?????????
3/8 A 5/8 B
????????????????? 2 ?????????
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Outbreeding
Crossbreeding ????????????????????????????????????
???????
A
B

• 2-way crossing or 2-breed crossing
• 3-way crossing or 3-breed crossing
• Backcross
• Criss crossing or 2-breed rotational crossing
• 3-breed rotational crossing

C
½ A ½ B
A
¼A¼B½C
?????????????????????????????????? 3 ?????????
ABC
????????????????? 3 ?????????
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Orther mating system
???????????????????????????????????????

• Terminal crossing
• Synthetic crossing or Composite crossing

A
B
½ A ½ B
½ A ½ B
AB
C
ABC
½ A ½ B
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Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
Inbreeding coefficient ???? ????????????? (F)
??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????? ?????????????????...

????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
??????????????????????? ???????????
?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
(R)
??????????????????????? 2 ???? ?????? 1.)
??????????????????? (path analysis) 2.)
????????????????????????????? (tabular method)
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Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
1.) ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????
? ????????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????
??? (relationship coefficient)
?????????????????????????????

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Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
?????????????????????? 0 1
(?????????????????????????) ??? X ??? Y
?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
???? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????
???????? Numerator relationship Additive generic
relationship

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Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
2.) ????????????? ????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????
??????????????????????? ??????????????????????
???????? ?????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????

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Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
ID SIRE DAM
A B C D E F - A A C C D - - B B - E
3.) ??????????????????? ??????????????? 3.1
????????????????? ??????????????? 3.2
?????????????????????????????????????
?????? D ??? E

Path1
Path2
Path3
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Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
3.) ??????????????????? ??????????????? 3.3
????????????????????????????? ???????? A, B ??? C
???? ????????????????????? D ???
E ?????????????? A ??? B ?????????????
?????????????? ½ ??????? C ??????? ??????????
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Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
3.) ??????????????????? ??????????????? 3.4
??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
½ ?????? ?????? ???????????

???????1/ n2/ ???????????????????????? ( )
1 D-B-A-C-E 4
2 D-B-C-E 3
3 D-C-E 2

1/???????????????????????????????????????????? 2/?
???????????????????????
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Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
3.) ??????????????????? ??????????????? 3.4
??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
½ ?????? ?????? ???????????
???????????????????????? D ??? E
??????????????????????? C ???????????

33
FD?
34
Inbreeding ???????? D
????? E ?????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
????????? D ??????????????? C ?????? B
???????????????????????????? 2 ??????? ??????
½
¼
??????????????????????? D ?????
35
Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
4.) ???????????????????????????? (tabular method)
?????????????????????? ???
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????? ????????????????????????????
???????????????? ??????????????? 4.1
???????????????????????????????????? (??????????
????-????) 4.2 ?????????????????????????????
??????????????????? 4.3 ????????????????
?????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????

36
Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
4.) ???????????????????????????? (tabular method)

37
Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
4.) ???????????????????????????? (tabular method)

38
Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
4.) ???????????????????????????? (tabular method)

39
Inbreeding Relationship evaluation
4.) ???????????????????????????? (tabular
method) ???????????????????????? D ??? E
???????????????? C ???????????

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Heterosis
Heterosis ???? Hybrid vigor
?????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????? crossbreeding ??????????? ????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??
P G E
Dominance gene effect
G BV GCV
Epistatic gene effect
Additive gene effect
41
Heterosis
Crossbreeding system

1. Merit of components ?????????????????????
   ??????????????????
2. Heterosis ????? heterosis
   ?????????????????????
3. Breed complementary ??????????????????????????????
   ????????????????????????
4. Replacement ???????????????????????
   ??????
5. Accuracy
   ???????????????????????

42
Heterosis
Gene combination value (GCV)
GCV ??????? non additive gene effect
(??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? (high genetic
diversity) ???????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????? ?????? heterosis
???????????? ?????????????? GCV G
BV ???????? ???????? GCV ?????????????????????
?????????????????????????
???????????????????????????
43
Heterosis
XX, Xx, xx ???? Genotype ??????????????
Genotype effects
Genotype Effect ????????
XX Xx xx 80 50 -40 ???????????????? homozygous dominant ????????????????? 80 ???? ???????????????? heterozygous ????????????????? 50 ???? ???????????????? homozygous recessive ?????????????? 40 ????
Additive gene effects
Allele Effect ????????
X x 40 -20 ???? dominant allele ????????????????? 40 ???? ???? recessive allele ?????????????? 20 ????
Genotype Genotype effect (G) Additive gene effect (BV) GCVG-BV
Sire AABbccDDEeff 2(80) 2(50) 2(-40) 180 6(40) 6(-20) 120 60
Dam AabbCCddEEff 2(80)1(50)3(-40) 90 5(40) 7(-20) 60 30
Off1 AABbCcDdEEff 2(80)3(50)1(-40) 270 7(40) 5(-20) 180 90
Off2 AabbCcDdEeff 4(50)2(-40) 120 4(40) 8(-20) 0 120
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Heterosis
Heterosis value (HV) ????????????????????????????
???? average phenotype ????????????????????????
????? HV heterosis value ???? hybrid
vigor value,
phenotype of Sire
phenotype of Dam
phenotype of Offspring mean
45
Heterosis
???????????????????????????????????????????? 100
???? ????????????? ???????????????????????????????
????????? ??? P GE ??????? phenotype ??? ???
??? ???????????????????
Genotype Phenotype GE
Sire 180 280
Dam 90 190
Off mean 210 310
???????
????
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Heterosis
??? HV ???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????? heterosis ????????????
?????????????? heterosis ????????????
47
Heterosis
?????????? Breed heterosis ???????????????????????
??????????????? ??????? 2 ??????????????? ????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?? ??????????????????? retain heterosis
(RH) ??????????????????????
???????????????????? A ????? ???
?????????????? A ?????
???????????????????? B ????? ???
?????????????? B ?????
?????????????? C ?????
???????????????????? C ????? ???
48
Heterosis
?????????????????????????? A ?????????????????????
B ????????? F1 ???? ???????? RH ?????? F1
????????????
49
Heterosis
?????????????????????????? F1 ??????????? ?????
RH ?????? F2 ??????
50
Heterosis
??????? Heterosis value
Parent x Parent F1 x F1 F2 x F2 F3 x F3
X
100
X
X
X
X
X
50
Inter se mating
Inter se mating
Inter se mating
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Heterosis
??????? Heterosis value
Asire 100
Bdam 100
Parent x Parent F1 x F1 F2 x F2 F3 x F3
F1Inter se mating
½ A ½ B
½ A ½ B
F2Inter se mating
Inter se mating
½ A ½ B
½ A ½ B
Inter se mating
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??????