P

1
P ID FORMAT

• ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS

2
PIPE DATA ON PIDs

• SIZES BASED ON VELOCITY
• AND/OR PRESSURE DROPS.
• MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
• INSULATION AND TRACING, IF REQUIRED
• CAN BE LISTED IN A PIPE SCHEDULE AT THE BOTTOM OF
  THE SHEET.

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3
LOOP DATA ON PIDS

• MOST LOOPS WILL BE DESIGNATED BY
• A SINGLE BUBBLE
• CONNECTED TO SENSOR
• AND CONTROLLED INSTRUMENT OR INTERLOCK.

4
CONTROL ON PIDs

• ALL PRIMARY CONTROL LOOPS SHOULD BE SHOWN
• ALL SUPERVISORY ALARMS SHOULD BE INDICATED ON THE
  DIAGRAM
• ALL INTERLOCKED ALARMS SHOULD BE INDICATED ON THE
  DIAGRAM
• PLCs SHOULD BE SHOWN CONNECTED TO CONTROL ELEMENTS

5
PRIMARY CONTROL AND ALARMS ON PIDs
6
TYPICAL PLC CONNECTIONS
7
PLC LOGIC DIAGRAMS

• CREATED AS SEPARATE DOCUMENTS
• NEED TO BE LINKED TO THE ELECTRICAL AND
  INSTRUMENT DIAGRAMS
• USE LADDER LOGIC SYMBOLOGY

8
STANDARD DRAWINGS

• INCLUDE DETAILS FOR COMPONENTS IN THE CONTROL
  LOOP
• STANDARD DRAWINGS SHOULD BE ATTACHED TO THE PID
  SET
• STANDARD DRAWINGS SHOULD BE NOTED ON ALL PIDs.

9
TYPICAL STANDARD DRAWING
10
STANDARD DRAWING CONFIGURATION

• CONTROL BUBBLE SHOULD INCLUDE A HORIZONTAL LINE
  IF THE SIGNAL IS SHOWN IN THE CONTROL ROOM.
• INTERLOCKS SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO ALL
  DEVICES IN THE LOOP INCLUDING THE ALARMS.
• SEE TEXT FIGURE D-6 FOR COMMON SYMBOLS

11
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

• POWER, GROUNDING CONTROL
• POWER DESIGN - DELIVERY OF POWER TO DRIVERS IN
  THE FACILITY

12
POWER DELIVERY

• TYPICAL SUPPLY IS AT 13.8 Kv
• CAN BE USED TO DRIVE LARGE MOTORS
• REQUIRES SPECIAL METHODS FOR START-UP AND SHUT
  DOWN OPERATIONS
• IN-PLANT DISTRIBUTION CAN BE AT 4160 V OR 440 V
• 4160 V CAN BE USED TO DRIVE LARGER MOTORS
• 460/480 V IS THE TYPICAL LEVEL FOR MOST LOW -
  MEDIUM HP UNITS
• LOWER LEVELS ARE USED FOR LIGHTING, SMALL MOTORS
  AND CONTROL SYSTEMS.

13
DISTRIBUTION FOR MOTOR DRIVERS

• AC MOTORS
• CONSTANT SPEED SQUIRREL CAGE OPERATING ON 60 Hz
  CURRENT, CAN RUN AT 3600/1800/1200/900/600/450
  RPM, DEPENDING ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE WINDINGS
• WOUND-ROTOR INDUCTION
• VARIABLE FREQUENCY ALLOW DIFFERENT SPEEDS
• DC MOTORS
• USE RECTIFIES TO PRODUCE CONSTANT SPEED OPERATION
• THERE IS AN INHERENT LOSS IN EFFICIENCY FOR THESE
  UNITS.
• SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS
• HAVE A CONSTANT SPEED OPERATION BASED ON THE
  POWER SUPPLY FREQUENCY

14
MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS

• CONTAIN THE STARTERS FOR THE VARIOUS TYPES OF
  MOTORS
• CONTAIN THE OVERLOADS AND CONTROL CONNECTIONS FOR
  THE MOTORS

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15
POWER DISTRIBUTION

• CAN BE OVERHEAD USING POLES OR CABLE TRAYS
• CAN BE UNDERGROUND USING DUCT BANKS
• LOCALLY IS THROUGH CONDUIT

16
CONTROL SYSTEMS

• CONNECTED INTERLOCK SYSTEMS
• LOGIC DIAGRAMS INDICATE THE STRUCTURE
• ACTUAL PROGRAM MAY BE ON PLC.
• SEND SIGNALS TO STARTERS

17
GROUNDING SYSTEMS

• GROUNDING SYSTEMS ARE SET UP INDEPENDENT OF THE
  ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM
• EVERYTHING THAT CAN CONDUCT IS CONNECTED TO THE
  GROUNDING SYSTEM