Forensic Industrial Psychology

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Forensic Industrial Psychology
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SU 1 Introduction to forensic psychology

• See SG page 2 9
• See prescribe book of Roos Voster 2009 -
  Introduction

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Learning outcomes

• Explain the role of the psychologist in the
  forensic context in SA
• Differentiate between the various specialisation
  areas in psychology

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History of forensic psychology in South Africa

• Group discussion
• See prescribed book

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1.2 The role of the Psychologist in the
forensic context

• Do activity 1.1 in class
• Page 3 SG

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Functions of a Psychologist

• Civil cases
• Degree of damage sustained in 3rd party claims or
  other cases
• Assist in divorce proceedings court has to
  award custody and control over children
• Advise on decisions about an individuals
  competency to handle his own affairs

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Functions of a Psychologist(cont)

• Criminal cases
• Assess the criminal capacity of the accused
• Assist the court in deciding on mitigation of
  sentence

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1.3 Specialisation categories in Psychology

• Three Counseling and Therapy Schools 
• The psychodynamic school 
• The term psychodynamic refers to the transfer
  of psychic or mental energy between the different
  structures and levels of consciousness within
  peoples minds. Psychodynamic approaches emphasize
  the importance of unconscious influences on how
  people function. Therapy aims to increase
  clients abilities to exercise greater conscious
  control over their lives. Analysis or
  interpretation of dreams can be a central part of
  therapy. 

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Three Counseling and Therapy Schools (cont)

• The humanistic - existential school 
• The humanistic school is based on humanism, a
  system of values and beliefs that emphasizes the
  better qualities of humankind and peoples
  abilities to develop their human potential.
  Humanistic therapists emphasize enhancing
  clients abilities to experience their feelings
  and think and act in harmony with their
  underlying tendencies to actualize themselves as
  unique individuals. Existential approaches to
  therapy stress peoples capacity to choose how
  they create their existences. 

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Three Counseling and Therapy Schools (cont)

• The cognitive-behavioural school 
• Traditional behaviour therapy focuses mainly on
  changing observable behaviours by means of
  providing different or rewarding consequences.
  The cognitive-behavioural school broadens
  behaviour therapy to incorporate the contribution
  of how people think to creating, sustaining and
  changing their problems. In cognitive-behavioural
  approaches, therapists assess clients and then
  intervene to help them to change specific ways of
  thinking and behaving that sustain their problems

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Specialisation categories in Psychology (Cont)

• Overview of counselling and therapy approaches 
• Psychodynamic school 
• Classical psychoanalysis Originator Sigmund
  Freud (1856 - 1939) Pays great attention to
  unconscious factors related to infantile
  sexuality in the development of neurosis.
  Psychoanalysis, which may last for many years,
  emphasizes working through the transference, in
  which clients perceive their therapists as
  reincarnations of important figures from their
  childhoods, and the interpretation of dreams. 

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Psychodynamic school(cont)

• Analytical therapy Originator Carl Jung (1875 -
  1961) Divides the unconscious into the personal
  unconscious and the collective unconscious, the
  latter being a storehouse of universal archetypes
  and primordial images. Therapy includes analysis
  of the transference, active imagination and dream
  analysis. Jung was particularly interested in
  working with clients in the second half of life. 
  

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Humanistic-existential school 

• Person-centred therapy Originator Carl Rogers
  (1902 - 1987) Lays great stress on the primacy of
  subjective experience and how clients can become
  out of touch with their actualizing tendency
  through introjecting others evaluations and
  treating them as if their own. Therapy emphasizes
  a relationship characterized by accurate empathy,
  respect and non-possessive warmth. 

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Humanistic-existential school(cont)

• Gestalt therapy Originator Fritz Perls
  (1893-1970) Individuals become neurotic by losing
  touch with their senses and interfering with
  their capacity to make strong contact with their
  environments. Therapy emphasizes increasing
  clients awareness and vitality through awareness
  techniques, experiments, sympathy and
  frustration, and dream work. 

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Humanistic-existential school(cont)

• Transactional analysis Originator Eric Berne
  (1910 - 1970) Transactions between people take
  place between their Parent, Adult and Child ego
  states. Therapy includes structural analysis of
  ego states, analysis of specific transactions,
  analysis of games - a series of transactions
  having ulterior motivations, and analysis of
  clients life scripts. 

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Humanistic-existential school(cont)

• Reality therapy Originator William Glasser
  (1925-) Clients choose to maintain their misery
  through choosing inappropriate ways to control
  the world to satisfy their needs. Therapy
  includes identifying clients wants and needs,
  teaching choice theory, planning and, where
  appropriate, training clients in behaviours they
  need to succeed. 

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Humanistic-existential school(cont)

• Existential therapy Originators Irvin Yalom
  (1931- ) and Rollo May (1909-1994) Draws on the
  work of existential philosophers and focuses on
  helping clients deal with anxieties connected
  with four main ultimate concerns of human
  existence death, freedom, isolation and
  meaninglessness. Therapy focuses on clients
  current situations, with different interventions
  used according to the nature of clients
  enveloping fears. 

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Humanistic-existential school(cont)

• Logotherapy Originator Viktor Frankl (1905 -
  1997) Clients can become neurotic because they
  face an existential vacuum in which they are
  unable to find meaning in their lives.
  Logotherapists use methods such as teaching the
  importance of assuming responsibility for finding
  meaning, Socratic questioning, offering meanings
  and analysing dreams. 

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Cognitive-behavioural school 

• Behaviour therapy Important figures theory, Ivan
  Pavlov (1849 - 1936) and B. F. Skinner (1904 -
  1990) practice, Joseph Wolpe (1915 - 1997)
  Emphasizes the learning of behaviour through
  classical conditioning, operant conditioning and
  modelling. Therapy consists of learning adaptive
  behaviours by methods such as systematic
  desensitization, reinforcement programmes and
  behaviour rehearsal. 

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Cognitive-behavioural school

• Rational emotive behaviour therapy Originator
  Albert Ellis (1913 - ) Emphasizes clients
  re-indoctrinating themselves with irrational
  beliefs that lead to unwanted feelings and
  self-defeating actions. Therapy involves
  disputing clients irrational beliefs and
  replacing them with more rational beliefs.
  Elegant or profound therapy entails changing
  clients philosophies of life. 

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Cognitive-behavioural school

• Cognitive therapy Originator Aaron Beck (1921 -
  ) Clients become distressed because they are
  faulty processors of information with a tendency
  to jump to unwarranted conclusions. Therapy
  consists of educating clients in how to test the
  reality of their thinking by interventions such
  as Socratic questioning and conducting real-life
  experiments. 

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Cognitive-behavioural school

• Multimodal therapy Originator Arnold Lazarus
  (1932 - ) Clients respond to situations according
  to their predominant modalities behaviour,
  affect, sensation, imagery, cognition,
  interpersonal and drugs/biology. Based on a
  multimodal assessment, therapists are technically
  eclectic, using a range of techniques selected on
  the basis of empirical evidence and client need.

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Name the same generic principles of psychology

• Respect for
• Assistance with
• Acceptance of and
• The ability to share with
• Understanding

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Activity 1.3

• Page 7 SG and also Prescribed book
• Definitions in groups

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Specialisation Category

• Research psychologist
• Clinical psychologist
• Counselling psychologist
• Industrial organisational psychologist
• Educational psychologist

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Interesting facts

• Overseas we get some more specialisations

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