THE TSARS

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THE TSARS
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PRINCES OF MOSCOW

• Gained position by being tax collectors for the
  Mongols
• Gradually expanded power
• Rulers began calling themselves Tsar - Caesar

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IVAN THE TERRIBLE

• 1400s

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PETER THE GREAT

• Part of Romanov Dynasty
• Tried to modernize and move Russia toward West
• Built new capital at St. Petersburg
• Forced boyars (nobles) to cut off their long
  beards
• Defeated Sweden in war ended threat

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ST. PETERSBURG
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CATHERINE THE GREAT

• Enlightenend monarch brought scholars to court
• Stabilized Russia
• Defeated Poland added territory

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TSARS HELP DEFEAT NAPOLEON - 1812
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TSARS OF NINETEENTH CENTURY

• AUTOCRATS ABSOLUTE RULERS
• DEFENDERS OF ESTABLISHED ORDER IN EUROPE
• EXPANSION INTO EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA BROUGHT
  RIVALRIES

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HOW THEY LIVED
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HOW MOST EVERYONE ELSE LIVED
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ALEXANDER II

• REFORMING TSAR
• FREED SERFS
• REFORMED JUDICIAL SYSTEM
• ESTABLISHED LOCAL ASSEMBLIES

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ALEXANDER ASSASSINATED

• DISSENTERS SEVERELY PUNISHED
• JEWS UNFAIRLY TARGETED POGROMS AND EMIGRATION

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NICHOLAS II THE LAST TSAR

• REACTIONARY AUTOCRAT
• QUEEN VICTORIAS GRANDSON
• NOT TRAINED TO RULE

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1905

• LOSES WAR WITH JAPAN
• BLOODY SUNDAY
• TROOPS AND COSSACKS
• MASSACRE PEACEFUL
• DEMONSTRATORS
• REVOLUTION FAILS

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WORLD WAR I

• RUSSIA IS FIRST TO DECLARE WAR
• TROOPS NOT PREPARED OR EQUIPPED
• WAR GOES BADLY

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RASPUTIN

• MAD MONK GAINS INFLUENCE AT COURT OVER TSARINA