??????????? Parliamentary Procedure

1
?2? ??????

• ???
• ?????????????????,?????

2
?2? ??????

• 2.1 ???????????
• 2.2. ??????
• 2.3 ?????????
• 2.4 ?????????

3
2.1 ???????????

• ??17?18??,????????????????(mercantilism)?????,????
  ???????????????????????????????,??????????????????
  ????????
• ????,???????????,?????????????????,???????????????
  ??,?????????
• ??,???????????????????,??????????????????,????????
  ????????,????????????????(?????????????),??,??????
  ?????????,???????????????????????

4
2.1 ???????????

• ?????????????
• ?15???16?????????????
• 16??????18???????????
• ????????????????,??????????????????????????,??????
  ?????????????????????
• ??????????????????????,????,??????????????,???????
  ?????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????,???????,??????????,???
  ?????????????????????????????

5
2.2. ??????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????
• ??????1776????????,?????????????????????,??????
  ?????????????????,?????????????????????????????,??
  ??????????????????,?????????????????????????,?????
  ???????
• ??????,?????????????????,????????????????????,???
  ?????????????????????????????????,???????????????
  ????????,?????????????,????????????????????????,??
  ???????????????,??????????????????

6
2.2. ??????

• ?????????(absolute advantage)?????????????
• ????????????????????????????,???????????????,???
  ????????????????????,????????????????????
• ??,????????,????????,???????????,?????????????????
  ??????,???????????????????

7
2.2. ??????

• ????????????
• ?2-1??,1??????A?????6??????,??B?????1?????????,1?
  ????A?????4??,?B?????5?????,??????,A??????,???????
  ,B????????????????,A????????,B????????,???????????

?2-1 ????
A? B?
??(???/????) 6 1
??(?/????) 4 5
8
2.2. ??????

• ??A?B????2????,?????6??????4???1??????5??,??????7?
  ?????9???
• ??A?B????????,A????12?????,B????10???
• ??A??6????????B??5??,A??????5??,
  B?????6?????,?????????????????
• ???,???????????,????????,????????????????????????
• ????,??????????????

9
2.2. ??????

• ?????????????????????????????????????,???????
  ??????,????????
• ?????????????????????,???????????????,????????????
  ????,???????????
• ??,?????????????????????(????????????????????????
  ????)????,???????,????????????????,????????????,??
  ?????????????????????,???????????????
• ????????????????,????????????

10
2.3 ?????????

• ?????????????????,??????????
• ??????????????????????????,??????????????????????,
  ?????????????,??,????????????,?????????????
• 2.3.1 ?????????????
• ????1??????2?????2????????
• ??????????????,???????
• ????????????
• ???????????????????,???????
• ???????,????????????????
• ???????,???????????????

11
2.3 ?????????

• 2.3.2 ?????????
• ????????,????????????????????????(??????????),????
  ?????????????????????????????????(????????),??????
  ??????????(????????)?
• ???????2-2??2-3??2-4??????????

?2-2 ??????(????????)
A? B? ??
??(10???) 1(????) 6(????) 20 ???
??(1?) 2 (????) 4(????) 2?
12
2.3 ?????????

• ??2-2????,??????????????,B???????????,B???????????
  ??A??1/6,????????????A??1/2,??B??????????????????,
  A?????????????????,??,?????????????????????,??A???
  ???????????????????,??A??????????????????B????,B??
  ????????????????A????,?????????????
• ??,?????????????,??????10???,??????0.5?,??????????
  ??,?????????

?2-3 ??????(????????????)
A? B? ??
??(10???) 3(????) 0 30 ???
??(1?) 0 10(????) 2.5?
13
2.3 ?????????

• ??A??10????????B??1???,??????????????????2-4
• ???,A??????????????,?????10??????,?B??????????????
  ,?????0.5????,????????????????????

?2-4 ??????(??????????)
A? B?
??(???) 20 10
??(?) 1 1.5
14
2.3 ?????????

• ??????????????????,??????????????????????????????,
  ????????,?????????????????????
• ???????????????????,?????????????????????,????????
  ??????????,??????????????????????????,????????????
  ????????
• ????????????????????(??),??????????????,??????????
  ??????,???????????????????????????

15
2.3 ?????????

• 2.3.3 ???????????
• ???A?B?????X?Y????,A?B????X??????????ax?ay(?????0)
  ,??,A?????????????????????????(??,?????????X?Y????
  ??????,?????????????????????)?
• Qx axLx ,(0 LxA)
  (2-1)
• Qy ayLy ,(0 LyA)
  (2-2)
• A Lx Ly
  (2-3)
• ??,ax ?Lx?Qx (ay?Ly?Qy)????A?X??(Y??)??????(??????
  ??,?????????????)?????????,A??A??????????????????A
  ?????????????
• ,(0 QxaxA ,0 QyayA) (2-4)
• ??,???????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ?B?????????????,
• ,(0 QxbxB ,0 QybyB) (2-5)
• ??,bx ?Qx (by?Qy)????B?X??(Y??)?????????,B??B?????
  ????

16
2.3 ?????????

• ??axgtay,bxltby ,?A??X??????????,B??Y??????????,??,A
  ??????????????,B??????????????,??2-1??????A?B?????
  ??????????????????????(????????)???EA ??EB
  ?,????????????????????????????
• A?B??X??????????pA ?pB ,???????????????(??)???????
  ????????,??(?A?)X????Y???????pA?????????????????ay
  /ax,???AA / ????????pA (ay /ax) ? (bx / by )
  pB ?,?????????????????????

• ?2-1 ?????A?B?????????-????

17
2.3 ?????????

• ??A?B?????????????????,A?????X??,B?????Y??,???????
  pw(pA lt pw lt pB)????,??2-2???
• ?2-2 A?B????????????????????-????

??
18
2.3 ?????????

• ??????????pw?,A?(B?)?????????????????????(??)???A/
  ?(B?)???,?????????????????A/?(B?)????????pw
  ?????????????????????????(?? pw)?
• ???,A?????????????????????pw???????????UA/ ???CA
  ??? B??????????????????????pw???????????UB/
  ???CB ??????,?A?B??????????????????????????????CAD
  AA/ ?BDBCB ???????A??B???????????pw??????????,??
  ????????????,?????????,?????????????????????????
  ?????,??????????????,????????????????????,???A??
  ?B?,??????????????,????????????,??????????????

19
2.3 ?????????

• 2.3.4 ?????????
• ????????????,???????(G.D.A.Mac Dugall)1951????????
  ???????1937????,???????????????????????
• ??????????????????(????????????)???????,?????????
  ??????????????????,1937?????????????????
• ??,??????????????????????????????????,??,?????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????,????
  2-5?

20
?2-5 ????????????????? ?2-5 ????????????????? ?2-5 ????????????????? ?2-5 ????????????????? ?2-5 ????????????????? ?2-5 ????????????????? ?2-5 ????????????????? ?2-5 ?????????????????
????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????????????????? ????????????
????????? ??? 3.5 8 ????????? ??? 1.5 0.11
????????? ?? 3.6 5 ????????? ??? 1.4 0.09
????????? ?? 3.1 4.3 ????????? ?? 2 0.06
????????? ???? 2.4 4 ????????? ?? 1.1 0.09
????????? ?? 5.2 3.5 ????????? ????? 1.3 0.04
????????? ?? 2.7 1.5 ????????? ???? 1.2 0.03
????????? ? 2.2 1 ????????? ?? 1.4 0.004
????????? ?? 1.7 0.5
????????? ?? 1.9 0.33 ?????????? ?? 5.4 0.94
????????? ??? 1.8 0.33 ?????????? ?? 3.1 0.23
????????? ?? 1.4 0.33 ?????????? ?? 3.1 0.09
????????? ?? 1.9 0.2 ?????????? ???? 2.7 0.74
????????? ?? 1.5 0.2 ?????????? ?? 2.7 0.35
21
2.4 ?????????

• ????,???????????????????????????????????????,????
  ????????? ?????,????????,???????,?????????,?????
  ???,??????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????,???????????????????
• ??,???????????????????,??????,???????,????????????
  ???????,????,???????????????(????????????)?

22
2.4 ?????????

• ??????????????,?????????????,????????,????????,???
  ?????????,?????????????(??A???????X??,B???????Y??)
  ,???????????????,???????????????????,???????????
  ????????(?????????????????,???????????)?
• ????,????????,???????????????????????????,??????
  ??????????

?2-6 ???????
A? B?
X(??/????) 10 10
Y(??/????) 15 20
23
2.4 ?????????

• ????????,A?????????X,B?????????Y?A?????????1X1.5Y
  ,B?????????1X2Y ?
• ??A??????????1X????1.5???Y,A??????????????,
• ??B?????2???Y ???1??X, B????????????????,
  A?B???????????????????????????????
• ??2-3

24
2.4 ?????????

• ??????????????????????,???????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????,??,?????????????????,
  ?????????????,?????????????????,????????????
• ??A?B ????????,???????????????A?B?????????????????
  

(a) A??X???? (b)X???????
(c)B??X???? ?2-4 ??????????????????
25
2.4 ?????????

• ??2-4?,SX?DX???A?B??X????????????,????X???????,???
  X????????????????,A??A?X???????????,??X????????P1(
  ??(a))A/?B?X???????????,??X????????P3(??(c))?
• ?????,X??????????P1?P3??????????P1?,A???????????X?
  ?,?????????????,???????P3?,B??X???????????????,??
  ?X?????????????
• ????P2?A?X??????(A?????-???)??B?X??????(B?????-???
  )????,???????????????????PX/PYgtP2?,A?X??????????B?
  ?????,X?????????P2????,X??????????,???????????

26
??????

• 1.?????????????????,?????????,???????????????,????
  ?????,???????????????????????????????
• 2. ??????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ??,???????????,?????????????????????
• 3. ?????????????????,?????????,???????????????????
  ?,??????????,?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• 4.????????????????????,??????????,????????????????
  ?????????????????????,????????????????

27
????????

• 1. ????????????????,?????,1976??
• 2. ??????????????????,?????,1979??
• 3. ?Dominick Salvatore?????,???????,1998??
• 4.????????????????,??????????????,1997??
• 5.??????????????????,??????????????,1995???

28
???????

• 1.????,?????????????????????,?????????????????????
  ??????????????
• 2.???????????????????????????????
• 3.????????????A?B????X?Y?????????,?I?II
  ?????,??A?B?????????????????
• 4.??4????I????,???????????????????
• (1)?????,A?B??X?Y?????????
• (2)??????6,???A?X???Y?????
• (3)??A?B??????????
• (4)A?B??X???????????
• (5)A?B??Y???????????

I?? I?? II?? II??
?? A? B? A? B?
X??/???? 4 2 1 2
Y??/???? 6 1 2 1