Transposon - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Transposon

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Gene Expression Transcription Factors RNA Splicing Recombinant DNA Proteasome DNA Testing Practical Application Human Genome Project Safety and Ethical Questions ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Transposon


1
Transposon
  • Jumping Genes
  • DNA Sequence that moves from one location to
    another
  • Insertion Sequence
  • retro made with transcriptase (like virsuses)

2
Transposon
  • Direct repeats

3
Composite
  • Adds extra genes between two insertions

4
Regulation of Metabolic Pathway
  • Regulate genes
  • Regulates enzymes

5
Operons
  • A unit of genetic material that functions in
    bacteria and phages
  • Clustered gene with one promoter
  • On/off switch

6
Negative Gene Regulation
  • Repressible operons
  • Transcription is inhibited
  • Inducible operons
  • Transcription is stimulated

7
The trp Operon
  • Corepressor absent makes tryptophan

8
Repressor
  • Corepressor present stops tryptophan production
  • Corepressor helper for repressor

9
lac operon
  • Lactose absent / repressor active operon off

10
lac operon
  • Lactose present / repressor inactive operon on
  • inducer

11
Positive Gene Regulation
  • cAMP
  • Accumulates when glucose is scarce

12
Chromatin
13
Nucleosome
  • DNA and histone proteins together

14
Repetitive DNA
15
Gene Amplification
  • Not passed to children
  • Embryos ribosome production
  • Cancer cells drug resistance

16
Questions???
  • Gene loss??
  • Gene rearrangement??
  • Genome??

17
Gene Expression
18
Transcription Factors
  • A protein that binds to DNA and allows for RNA
    polymerase to attach and begin transcription
  • Enhancers bends DNA to allow the factors to be
    closer to the promoter region

19
RNA Splicing
  • Allows alternative mRNA molecules to be built
    ex. exons will act as introns

20
Recombinant DNA
21
Proteasome
  • A giant protein complex that destroys proteins
    tagged for elimination by ubiquitin.

22
DNA Testing
  • PCR
  • RFLP

23
Practical Application
  • Diagnosis of Diseases
  • Human Gene Therapy
  • DNA Fingerprinting
  • Environmental Uses
  • Agricultural Uses

24
Human Genome Project
25
Safety and Ethical Questions
  • Pages 407-408 or 399
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