Lesson 1: Basic Map Skills

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Unit 1 Louisianas Physical and Cultural
Geography
Lesson 1 Basic Map Skills
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Lesson 1 Basic Map Skills

• Objectives

• AGENDA

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Parts of a Body (Map)
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What are the worlds oceans? ?
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What are the worlds oceans? ?
Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian
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What are the worlds continents? ?
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What are the worlds continents? ?
Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe,
North America, South America
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What ocean do you cross when traveling from the
United States to Europe? Africa? Australia? ?
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What ocean do you cross when traveling from the
United States to Europe? Africa? Australia? ?
Atlantic Atlantic Pacific
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What continent do you cross when traveling east
from the United States to Russia? ?
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What continent do you cross when traveling east
from the United States to Russia? ?
Europe
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Aerial View of the Gulf Coast
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Whats on a map?

• Maps have a lot of information.
• You need to know how to read them.
• There are several parts to a map which explain
  details and help you really see where you are and
  where you're going.

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Legend

• Help you decode the symbols used on a map.
• Also called a key.
• The clues on this map include symbols for parts
  of a fairground.

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Compass Rose

• The compass rose shows the directions on a map
  north, south, east, and west.

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Cardinal Directions

• North, South, East and West are called the
  cardinal directions.

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Index

• The index tells you where to find a specific
  place on a map. Depending on the size and type of
  map you're using, the index can help you locate a
  city, town, or street.

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Scale

• The scale helps you measure the distance between
  two places. When you know the distance you can
  calculate how long the trip will take.

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Types of Maps

• Maps cover a variety of information
• Rainfall, population, land/water, types of
  terraindesert, mountain, etc., temperature,
  climate, time zone, land use, and more
• Some Types of Maps are
• Political shows boundaries, states, countries,
  that are man made
• Reference
• Physical shows natural features, i.e., water,
  landforms, etc.
• Historical
• Economic
• Road map

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World Map

• The 7 large land areas are the continents. (North
  America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia,
  Australia, and Antarctica)
• The 4 largest bodies of water are the oceans.
  (Pacific, Arctic, Atlantic, Indian)

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Location
Location and distance are stated using a system
known as latitude and longitude.
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Location

• Location and distance are stated using a system
  known as latitude and longitude.
• Lines of latitude (parallels) measure a
  locations distance N or S. of the equator and
  run from E to W.
• Latitude is measured in degrees from 0 to 90.
• The line of latitude that most people know is the
  equator and it is 0 degrees. It runs around the
  center of the earth and divides the earth in
  half.

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• The area N of the equator is known as the
  northern hemisphere and the area S of the equator
  is known as the southern hemisphere.

Northern hemisphere
Southern hemisphere
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• Line of longitude (meridians) measure a
  locations distance E or W of the prime meridian
  and run from N to S.
• Longitude is measured in degrees from 0 to 180.
• The line of longitude that most people know is
  the Prime Meridian and it is 0 degrees. It runs
  around the center of the earth through Greenwich,
  England and divides the earth in half.
• The area E of the Prime Meridian is known as the
  eastern hemisphere and the area W of the Prime
  Meridian is known as the western hemisphere.

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Western hemisphere
Eastern hemisphere
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• The absolute location for a place is the exact
  spot on the earths surface where a place is
  found. The line of latitude is always read first
  followed by the line of longitude.
• Relative location explains where a place is in
  relation to another place or places.
• i.e. Down the street from Walmart.

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Time Zones (Read more on page 25)

• Earth has 24 time zones.
• United States has six.
• Pacific, Mountain, Central and Eastern are the
  four time zones in the contiguous (connected)
  United States.

GLEs 1
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U.S. Time Zones
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• The earth rotates on its axis once every 24
  hours. For this reason, the earth is divided
  into 24 standard time zones, one time zone for
  each hour in the day.
• The earth rotates towards the east, which means
  that if you cross into the next time zone to the
  east, it is one hour later. If you cross into
  the next time zone in the west, it is one hour
  earlier.

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• The International Date Line plays an important
  role in time zones. It is located at 180 degrees
  longitude.
• If you are standing on the east side of the
  International Date Line it is one day (Monday)
  however, on the west side, it is a day ahead
  (Tuesday).
• LA is in the central time zone.

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Scenario

• I am at home (B.R.) and want to call my 10
  friends. Help me figure out the times.
• It is 10am in B.R. What time is it in
• New Orleans New York, NY
• San Francisco, CA Denver, CO
• It is 5pm in B.R. What time is it in
• Paris, France Rome, Italy
• Bombay, India Tokyo, Japan
• Sidney, Australia Baghdad, Iraq

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Task Calculate Time Zones

• Label world map
• Label time zones
• Calculate the given time zones

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Louisianas Geography
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Geography

• Geography is the study of places, their
  locations, and their physical and human
  characteristics.
• There are 2 types of geographies
• Physical geography (study of landforms, oceans,
  weather, and climate)
• Cultural geography (study of how people have
  interacted w/ change and adapted to different
  places on the Earth)

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Louisianas Geography

• Louisiana lies between 28 degrees and 33 degrees
  N. latitude and between 89 degrees and 92 degrees
  W. longitude.
• 24 states lie east of LA and 25 lie west of LA.
• Louisiana is located in the SE part of the US.
• The only state both N and S. of LA is TX.
• LA ranks 31st with an area of 48,523 square miles.

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Major Cities in Louisiana
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Major Highways in Louisiana
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Boundaries
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Boundaries

• Borders of LA
• East (MS, 31 degrees N. latitude, MS River, and
  Pearl River)
• West (TX, 94th degree W. longitude, Toledo Bend
  and Sabine River)
• South (Gulf of Mexico)
• North (AK at 33 degrees N. latitude)
• Changes in bodies of water have made the exact
  location of boundary lines confusing and
  sometimes controversial for parishes (political
  divisions in the state).

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A Geologic History All Its Own

• Geology The study of how the earth was formed
• Pangaea 250 million years ago, the worlds
  landmass was one giant continent.
• Pangaea was also known as All Land.
• At end of Paleozoic Era, Pangaea began breaking
  apart, and the continents drifted away from one
  another.
• Ocean formed between continents Gulf of Mexico
  formed.

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Pangaea
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Pangaea to Continents
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Gulf Coastal Plain

• During the Ice Age, much of the worlds water was
  trapped in glaciers.
• Ocean levels were about 400 feet lower than
  today.
• The glaciers froze and melted several times.
• As the glaciers melted, the Mississippi River
  flooded the Louisiana coastline.
• Mississippi River deposited sediment into the
  Gulf of Mexico, filling in part of it.
• Sediment suspended particles of dirt and sand
  carried by rivers
• Coastal plains developed.
• Coastal plain relatively low flat region built
  up by river sediment
• Continental shelf the edge of landmass where the
  Gulfs floor drops off into very deep water
• The Gulf Coastal Plain is formed of layers of
  river sediment.
• Louisiana is the only state that lies entirely on
  the Gulf Coastal Plain.

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The Gulf Coastal Plain
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Station Tasks

• 1 - Calculate Time Zone Problems with Traveling
• 2 - Create My Dream Vacation Itinerary
• 3 Use computer for interactive map of Pangaea
  and draw comic strip

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Closure Map Quiz
Match the letters on the map with the places and
physical features of the earth.
1. North America 2. South America 3. Africa 4. Asi
a 5. Europe
6. Australia 7. Antarctica 8. Indian
Ocean 9. Atlantic Ocean 10. Pacific Ocean
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Checking for Understanding

• How do you calculate current times in different
  places? Give an example.
• What is the International Date Line?
• What is the prime meridian?

Unit 1 Louisianas Physical and Cultural
Geography
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Closure How did we meet our daily objectives?
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Lesson 2 Rivers and Coastal Erosion

• Objectives

• AGENDA

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Statement Coastal Erosion will never affect my
life.

• Get with clock buddy
• Create 2 questions you would like answered
  related to that statement.
• Share with class.

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Vocabulary Chart

• Use the Vocabulary Chart to draw pictures and
  write the meanings of important words as we
  encounter them.
• VAGO - hasten

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Erosion Video

• Look for answers to your questions.

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The Awesome Power of Rivers

• Rivers sediment creates the land.
• Rivers movement shapes the land.

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Floodplain
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Floodplains

• A floodplain serves as a reservoir to hold
  excess water when the river floods.

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The Red River (Read more about it on page 7)
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Red River (near Natchitoches)
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Deltas

• Formed when a river flows into an ocean
• Shaped like a birds foot or a fan
• Mississippi Delta where the river enters the
  Gulf of Mexico
• Bars (underwater barriers of mud) are formed at
  the mouth of the river.

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Bird-Foot Pattern of a Delta
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Coastal Marshes

• Wet grasslands formed by river sediment deposited
  along the coast
• Freshwater, saltwater, or brackish (mixture)
  depending on nearness to the ocean

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Mud Lumps (Read more about it on page 9)
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Checking for Understanding

• How are floodplains different from coastal
  marshes?
• How is brackish related to coastal marshes? P. 9
• How are meanders different from deltas? P. 6

Unit 1 Louisianas Physical and Cultural
Geography
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Grand Isle (Read more about it on page 10)
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What Do You Think?

• How and why do specific regions change as a
  result of physical phenomena?
• Identify describe 3 5 factors that cause a LA
  region to change.

Unit 1 Louisianas Physical and Cultural
Geography
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Coastal Erosion

• One of Louisianas biggest ecological problems
• More than 35 square miles of land is lost each
  year.

GLEs 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 17
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Coastal Area at Risk
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TASK GoingGoingGone? Causes of Coastal Erosion

• With clock buddy, identify 6 factors that are
  speeding up (hastening) coastal erosion on p.
  11-13. Also identify how it can be slowed or
  prevented. Use the chart on your guided notes to
  organize problems and solutions that you find.
• Forces hastening Coastal Erosion
• Forces preventing Coastal Erosion

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GoingGoingGone? Causes of Coastal Erosion

• As the river abandons its original delta,
  sediment no longer rebuilds the coastline.
• Pounding waves and severe storms accelerate
  erosion.
• Global warming causes ocean levels to rise, which
  causes coastal marshes to disappear.
• Levee systems force sediment into the deep waters
  of the Gulf, where it cannot settle and rebuild
  the coastlines.

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Who Should Pay for Preservation?(Read more
about it on page 12)
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Human Interference

• Damaging Practices
• Dammed rivers create reservoirs that trap the
  sediment that would otherwise refresh the
  marshland.
• The search for oil involves the construction of
  pipelines and canals that allow saltwater
  intrusion, which kills the marsh grasses that
  hold soil in place.
• Marshlands may sink because of vast holes
  created by underground drilling for oil and/or
  salt.
• Preservation Measures
• Grasses are being planted to keep soil intact.
• Sand is pumped onto barrier islands to reinforce
  them.
• Caernarvon Diversion Project and Davis Pond
  Freshwater Diversion

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Slowing Coastal Erosion (Read more about it on
page 13)
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Table Discussion

• Imagine you are an adult living and working in LA
  ten years from now. Even if your community is not
  on the coast, your life and that of your family
  will be impacted by coastal erosion if solutions
  are not found. Describe three specific ways
  coastal erosion could impact you.

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What are wetlands?

• Wetlands- swamps, marsh, and other areas that
  have a natural supply of water and are covered or
  soaked with water at least part of the year.

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Uses of LAs wetlands

• Recreational opportunities
• Thriving habitats
• Wildlife pantry
• Water filter (maintains water quality)
• Storm buffer/controls flooding
• Economic resource

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Problems facing LA Wetlands

• Coastal Erosion
• Flooding
• VANISHING!!!
• ?Louisianas wetlands are disappearing at a rate
  of one football field EVERY 30 MINUTES!

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Unfortunately, our wetlands are vanishing.

• Natural Causes subsidence, wave erosion, salt
  water intrusion, sea level rising, tropical
  storms/hurricanes
• Human Causes because of our ever-increasing
  population, humans have eliminated or converted
  millions of acres of wetlands for other uses. We
  drain wetlands to create more land for
  agriculture and urban development.

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Louisiana animals are losing their habitat.
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What can we do to help?

• Get Involved!
• Save Water (reduced amount of water going through
  sewage treatment plants)
• Dispose of household products, pesticides, and
  other chemicals carefully
• Help to control soil erosion (reduce hard
  surfaces around your home)
• Recycle your Christmas Trees!

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A Few Solutions

• Conservation
• Regulate Use
• Restoration Projects
• (EX replanting marsh grasses)

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Preventing Erosion by Planting Grasses
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Table Group Brainstorm

• How have humans created environmental problems in
  LA and caused a LA region to change?
• Brainstorm ways
• Create a wall chart or use inspiration to list
  and draw symbolic representations comparing human
  causes to natural causes.

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Checking for Understanding

• Name two ways barrier islands help protect LAs
  mainland from erosion. P. 10
• Why is coastal erosion such a threat to LA?
• What are two ways our state is working to stop
  coastal erosion?
• Explain how or why specific regions are changing
  as a result of physical phenomena.
• Identify describe factors that cause a LA
  region to change.

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Task Activity 2

• Identify waterways, land regions, and unique
  features on a map.
• Write the best direction in narrative form for a
  mass evacuation from any of the coastal cities.

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Closure How did we meet our daily objectives?
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Lesson 3 Louisianas Natural Resources

• Objectives

• AGENDA

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Concept Map
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United Streaming Clip on Louisianas Natural
Resources
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The Sparta Aquifer (Read more about it on page
15) As sediment deposits slowly build up the
land, freshwater sometimes become trapped b/t two
layers of sediment. Now we are drawing out more
water than is being replaced by nature.
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The Sparta Aquifer
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What Do You Think?

• If the Sparta Aquifer runs dry, where will the
  people who depend on it turn for their water
  needs?
• Should our state leaders be thinking about this?
  Why?

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Salt Domes

• Ancient seas dried up, leaving a layer of salt
  and other minerals exposed on the ocean floor.

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SaltDome
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Famous Salt Domes The Five Islands

• Jefferson Island
• Avery Island
• Weeks Island
• Cote Blanche
• Belle Isle

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The Five Islands
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Oil and Salt Dont Mix (Read more about it on
page 16)
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Louisianas Natural Resources

• Mississippi delta is rich with natural resources.

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Sulphur

• Closely associated with salt domes
• Used to make acids, fertilizer, rubber, paper,
  and other products
• One of Louisianas important minerals

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Oil

• Oil production has been the most important part
  of our economy for many years.

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Coal

• Created when organic material is compressed by
  layers of sediment

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Who Pulled the Plug? (Read more about it on
page 17)
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Task Create a Flowchart of LA Natural Resources
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Louisiana Faults

• Weak areas where tectonic forces cause the land
  to break off and slide downward

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Fault Line
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Earthquakes

• Ground movement along faults
• Frequent in Louisiana, but most are small and
  unnoticeable

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Earthquakes in Louisiana
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Tsunami! (Read more about it on page 18)
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Piney Hills and Coastal Marshes The Geography
of Louisiana
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Physical and Cultural Geography

• Geography the study of places, their locations,
  and their physical and human characteristics
• Physical geography the study of landforms,
  oceans, weather, and climate
• Cultural geography the study of how people have
  interacted with, changed, and adapted to
  different places on the earth
• Louisianas physical geography has shaped its
  cultural geography.

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Bayou Segnette State Park
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Geographic Location

• Resembles a boot
• Florida Parishes stretch from Baton Rouge to
  Hammond to Bogalusa
• Of the 50 states, LA ranks 31st in size
• 3,600 square miles of water (1/4 of the state is
  wet)

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Louisianas Location in the United States
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Boundaries

• Four natural boundaries
• Mississippi River to the east
• Pearl River to the east
• Gulf of Mexico to the south
• Sabine River to the west
• Three artificial boundaries
• 33 north latitude Separates Louisiana and
  Arkansas
• 31 north latitude Separates the Florida Parishes
  from Mississippi
• 94 west longitude Separates Louisiana from Texas

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Louisianas Boundaries
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Disputed Land
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Is it Louisiana . . . or
Mississippi? (Read more on page 24)
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Chapter 1 Project

• Create a Fair or Festival in honor of an assigned
  LA resource.
• resources timber, seafood,(oil or natural gas),
  (sulphur, lignite or limestone), crops, salt.
• Include where the resource is found where
  festival will be held.
• Impact of resource on the community.
• Describe a unique souvenir based on resource from
  festival.
• Describe unique food based on resource (if
  applicable).
• Create a billboard to advertise festival.

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Checking for Understanding

• What are the 3 key natural resources found
  underground in LA and how are they used?
• Name three of the five salt domes located in S.
  LA.

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Closure How did we meet our daily objectives?