What is a Fish?

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Peru upwelling (Chl concentration)
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Peru Fishery
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Normal Peruvian coastal desert
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Definitions

• Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) the normalized
  difference in surface pressure between Tahiti
  (French Polynesia) and Darwin (Australia) a
  measure of the strength of the trade winds)
• El Niño large scale weakening of the trade winds
  and warming of the surface layers in the eastern
  and central equatorial Pacific Ocean
• La Niña stronger than normal trade winds and
  anomalously cold equatorial Pacific sea surface
  temperatures
• ENSO full range of variability observed in the
  Southern Oscillation Index

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www.ldeo.columbia.edu
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Southern Oscillation Index
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www.ldeo.columbia.edu
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Tropical Atmospheric Oceanic Project
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Equatorial Pacific TAO Moorings
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Sea Surface Height
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www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao
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El Niño Periodicity (4 years?)
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SST
SST Anomaly (deviation from average)
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SST anomalies off Peru coastline
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Southern Oscillation Index
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Forecasting ENSO
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El Niño Surface winds
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El Nino increase storms in Southern California
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Los Angeles, 1955
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La Niña - Floods in Pacific Northwest
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ENSO Precipitation
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El Niño hurricanes Linda 185 mph 298
km/h September 1997
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ENSO human diseases
Dengue or Yellow Fever Viral disease Vector
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Generalities of ENSO

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La Niña
El Niño
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Spatio-temporal scales of effects on peruvian
pelagic fisheries
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ENSO and pelagic fisheries regime shift
Chavez et al 2003
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Pacific Decadal Oscillation
Warm Phase
Cool Phase
Wintertime Wind (arrows) and Sea Surface Temp
(colors) - Affect the N. Pacific, with secondary
signatures in the tropics (opposite for ENSO)
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Pacific Decadal Oscillation
20-30 year duration
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Chavez et al 2003
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Chavez et al 2003
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