Gram Negative Organisms

1
Gram Negative Organisms

• PM2 Pathophysiology

2

• Gram Negative Cocci
• Neisseria gonorrheae
• Neisseria meningitidis
• Gram negative bacilli
• Escherichia coli
• Salmonella typhi
• Vibrio cholera
• Helicobacter pylori
• Yersinia pestis
• Bordetella pertussis

3
Neisseria gonorrheae

• MOT Sexual contact
• Men acute urethritis
• painful urination
• yellowish penile discharge
• the drip
• Women mostly asymptomatic
• more complicationsPID,
  infertility
• Babies ophthalmia neonatorum

4
NEISSERIA DIPLOCOCCI
5
OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM
6
Neisseria meningitidis

• MOT respiratory droplets
• Causes meningococcemia
• disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
• skin rashes ? purpura
• meningitis

7
MENINGOCOCCEMIA
8
Escherichia coli

• MOT fecal-oral route
• Most common cause of UTI
• Most common cause of travellers diarrhea
• Sources contaminated food and water
• Diarrhea
• watery
• bloody
• HUS hemolytic uremic
• syndrome

9
Salmonella typhi

• MOT fecal-oral route
• Causes typhoid fever
• fever
• rose spots
• diarrhea
• Carrier state gallbladder
• Vaccine available

10
Salmonella typhi
11
Rose spots
12
(No Transcript)
13
Vibrio cholerae

• MOT fecal-oral route
• Causes Cholera
• profuse, rice-water like diarrhea
• hypotension
• high mortality of not
• treated

14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
Cholera bed
17
Yersinia pestis

• MOT bite of rat flea
• Causes the plague
• Common still in Southwest USA
• Stages
• 1. bubonic plague
• enlarged, draining lymph nodes painful,
  full of the bacteria
• 2. pneumonic plague
• cough, hemoptysis, highly contagious
• 3. septicemic plague

18
CERVICAL BUBOES
19
INGUINAL BUBOES
20
SEPTICEMIC PLAGUE
21
Helicobacter pylori

• MOT person-to-person
• fecal-oral route
• Causes chronic gastritis
• May lead to gastric carcinoma

22
HELICOBACTER PYLORI
23
Bordetella pertussis

• MOT respiratory route
• Causes whooping cough or pertussis
• fever, cough and colds
• whoop
• Vaccine DPT vaccine
• 2, 4 and 6 months of age
• booaster at 4 years old

24
Acid fast bacilli

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium leprae
• Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

25
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• MOT respiratory droplets
• Causes pulmonary tuberculosis
• miliary tuberculosis
• cough, hemoptysis
• Bones, joints, meninges, kidneys, peritoneum,
  lymph nodes, skin, spine

26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
TB

• Abnormal chest x-ray
• PPD test (purified protein derivative test)
• Long treatment 6 to 9 months
• rifampicin
• isoniazid
• pyrazinamide
• ethambutol
• Vaccine BCG at birth

29
TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST/MANTOUX TEST/ PPD TEST
30
Mycobacterium leprae

• MOT contact with nasal secretions or skin
  exudates of patients
• Causes leprosy
• Affects the Schwann cells in the skin nerve
  damage
• Cooler areas affected eyelids, nose, ears,
  scrotum

31
LEPROSY
32
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

• MOT respiratory route
• Causes pulmonary diseases
• disseminated disease
• Common in AIDS patients