Photography Timeline

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Photography Timeline

• The Eriksen Version

2
5th Century

• Greek philosophers describe the optical
  principles of the camera obscura

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The camera obscura (Latin for 'dark room')

• is an optical device that projects an image of
  its surroundings on a screen. It is used in
  drawing and for entertainment, and was one of the
  inventions that led to photography. The device
  consists of a box or room with a hole in one
  side.
• Light from an external scene passes through the
  hole and strikes a surface inside where it is
  reproduced, upside-down, but with color and
  perspective preserved.
• The image can be projected onto paper, and can
  then be traced to produce a highly accurate
  representation.

4
1553

• Giovanni Battista Porta publishes details of
  construction and use of the camera obscura. It is
  first used to view solar eclipses

5
1664-1666

• Isaac Newton discovers that white light is
  composed of different colors

6
1725-1727

• Johann Heinrich Schulze discovers and experiments
  with the darkening action of light on mixtures of
  chalk and silver nitrate

7
1806

• William Hyde Wollaston invents the camera lucida

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Camera Lucida

• performs an optical superimposition of the
  subject being viewed upon the surface upon which
  the artist is drawing.
• The artist sees both scene and drawing surface
  simultaneously, as in a photographic double
  exposure. This allows the artist to duplicate key
  points of the scene on the drawing surface, thus
  aiding in the accurate rendering of perspective.
• At times, the artist can even trace the outlines
  of objects.

9
1814-1826

• Joseph Nicéphore Niépce achieves his first
  photographic image with a camera obscura

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One of the two earliest known evidences of
photographic activity, taken by Nicéphore Niépce
in 1825 by the heliograph process
11
1819

• John Herschel discovers the photographic
  fixative, hyposulfite of soda and coined the term
  photography.

12
1825

• Peter Mark Roget demonstrates the persistence of
  vision with his Thaumatrope

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Thaumatrope

• is a toy that was popular in Victorian times. A
  disk or card with a picture on each side is
  attached to two pieces of string. When the
  strings are twirled quickly between the fingers
  the two pictures appear to combine into a single
  image due to persistence of vision.
• Roget, who used one to demonstrate persistence of
  vision to the Royal College of Physicians in
  London in 1824. He based his invention on ideas
  of the astronomer John Herschel and the geologist
  William Henry Fitton.
• The coined name translates roughly as "wonder
  turner" in modern Greek.

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1826

• Joseph Nicéphore Niépce uses bitumen of Judea for
  photographs on metal, makes the first successful
  camera photograph on a pewter plate View From
  My Window at Gras - a direct positive he called
  a heliograph. Exposure was approximately eight
  hours.

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View From My Window at Gras
16
1832-33

• Image animation novelties Phenakistoscope and
  Zoetrope invented

17
1837

• Daguerre's first daguerreotype

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Daguerreotype

• in which the image is exposed directly onto a
  mirror-polished surface of silver bearing a
  coating of silver halide particles deposited by
  iodine vapor.
• In later developments bromine and chlorine vapors
  were also used, resulting in shorter exposure
  times.
• The daguerreotype is a negative image, but the
  mirrored surface of the metal plate reflects the
  image and makes it appear positive in the proper
  light.
• Thus, daguerreotype is a direct photographic
  process without the capacity for duplication.

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1840

• Alexander Wolcott issued first American patent in
  photography for his camera

20
1846

• Carl Zeiss opens optical instrument factory in
  Germany
• First known photograph, a daguerreotype, is taken
  of The White House and President (Polk) and First
  Lady by John Plumbe, Jr.

21
1856

• Photojournalism of Crimean War by Roger Fenton,
  James Robertson, and Carol Popp de Scathmari
• Thomson takes the first underwater photograph at
  a depth of 5 feet

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Photojournalism

• is a particular form of journalism (the
  collecting, editing, and presenting of news
  material for publication or broadcast) that
  creates images in order to tell a news story.
• It is now usually understood to refer only to
  still images, and in some cases to video used in
  broadcast journalism or for personal use.

23
1871

• Pigeons used to carry micro photographed messages
  across enemy lines in Franco-Prussian War.

24
1872

• John W. Hyatt begins manufacturing celluloid with
  the intention of manufacturing billiard balls,
  which until that time were made from ivory.

25
Muybridge

• begins photographic motion studies and continues
  project until 1887 the first photographs are of
  a horse in motion

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Platinotype

• are photographic prints made by a monochrome
  printing process that provides the greatest tonal
  range of any printing method using chemical
  development.
• Unlike the silver print process, platinum lies on
  the paper surface, while silver lies in a gelatin
  or albumen emulsion that coats the paper. As a
  result, since no gelatin emulsion is used, the
  final platinum image is absolutely matte with a
  deposit of platinum (and/or palladium, its sister
  element which is also used in most platinum
  photographs) absorbed slightly into the paper.1

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1873

• The platinotype process is patented by Willis in
  England

After development
Before development
28
1888

• Eastman markets the Kodak camera and roll film-
• "You Press The Button and We Do The Rest."

29
1889

• George Eastman applies for patent on
  motion-picture roll film

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1891

• The first telephoto lenses begin to appear

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1893

• Thomas Alva Edison patents the kinetoscope

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Kinetoscope

• The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture
  exhibition device. Though not a movie
  projectorit was designed for films to be viewed
  individually through the window of a cabinet
  housing its componentsthe Kinetoscope introduced
  the basic approach that would become the standard
  for all cinematic projection before the advent of
  video.
• It creates the illusion of movement by conveying
  a strip of perforated film bearing sequential
  images over a light source with a high-speed
  shutter.

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http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetoscope
35
1900

• First mass-marketed camera, The Brownie

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• is the name of a long-running and extremely
  popular series of simple and inexpensive cameras
  made by Eastman Kodak.
• The Brownie popularized low-cost photography and
  introduced the concept of the snapshot. The first
  Brownie, introduced in February, 1900,1 was a
  very basic cardboard box camera with a simple
  meniscus lens that took 2¼-inch square pictures
  on 117 rollfilm.
• With its simple controls and initial price of 1,
  it was intended to be a camera that anyone could
  afford and use, leading to the popular slogan,
  "You push the button, we do the rest."
• The camera was named after the popular cartoons
  created by Palmer Cox.

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1904

• The Lumiere brothers announce the production of
  Autochrome plates for making camera images in
  full color

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1913

• Eastman Kodak Company establishes first
  industrial photographic research laboratory

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1935

• Eastman Kodak markets Kodachrome film

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Kodachrome

• is the trademarked brand name of a type of color
  reversal film that was manufactured by Eastman
  Kodak from 1935 to 2009.
• Kodachrome was the first successfully
  mass-marketed color still film using a
  subtractive method, in contrast to earlier
  additive "screenplate" methods such as Autochrome
  and Dufaycolor, and remained the oldest brand of
  color film.
• On June 22, 2009 Eastman Kodak Co. announced the
  end of Kodachrome production, citing declining
  demand.

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1948

• Edwin Land markets the Polaroid camera

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Digital Cameras
The first recorded attempt at building a digital
camera was in 1975 by Steven Sasson, an engineer
at Eastman Kodak. It used the then-new
solid-state CCD image sensor chips developed by
Fairchild Semiconductor in 1973. The camera
weighed 8 pounds (3.6 kg), recorded black and
white images to a cassette tape, had a resolution
of 0.01 megapixels (10,000 pixels), and took 23
seconds to capture its first image in December
1975. The prototype camera was a technical
exercise, not intended for production.
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1987

• Eastman Kodak enters the electronic still-video
  market with seven products for recording,
  storing, manipulating, transmitting and printing
  electronic still video images

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1988

• Sony and Fuji announce new digital cameras
• Eastman Kodak announces a 4 megapixel CCD
• PhotoMac is the first image manipulation program
  available for the Macintosh computer

46
1990

• Adobe Photoshop 1.0 (TM) is the second
  professional image manipulation program available
  for Macintosh computers
• Eastman Kodak prototypes an electronic camera
  back designed for the needs of photojournalists

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1993

• Adobe Photoshop is available for MS-DOS/Windows
  platforms

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TODAY

• 5 minute free write
• What is photography today?
• ?