Dept.ofAnaesthesiology. K.G.M.C.H.

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Dept.ofAnaesthesiology.
K.G.M.C.H.

• Emergency First Aid
• and CPR

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First and immediate help given to anyone affected
by accident, injury, disease before getting
medical help.Help to -save life
-prevent complications Dont -get tensed
-aggravate the condition
DEFINITION
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EMERGENCY FIRST AID

• If you are the first on the scene of accident
  that results in an injury or serious illness, you
  may be the only link between a victim and
  emergency medical care.
• Your role is to take action, whether by
  providing first aid, seeking medical help or
  calling EMS.
• Your actions may improve the victims chance of
  recovery.

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BLEEDING

• ARTERIAL- spurts/bright
  red.
• VENOUS - steadyflow/
  blood is dark.
• CAPILLARY
  slow oozing

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BLEEDING How to control.

• Direct Pressure (bandage may be used)
• Elevate (above the heart)
• Pressure Point Radial artery -wrist.
  Brachial artery upper arm Femoral artery
  groin.
• Pressure Bandage

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FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINSI-C-E

• I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice
  directly to skin.
• C - Compress, use an elastic or conforming wrap -
  not too tight.
• E - Elevate, above heart level to control
  internal bleeding.

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CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES

• Control bleeding, if present.
• Care for shock, See Care for Shock slide.
• Splint affected area to prevent further
  movement.
• Cold packs, to reduce painswelling
• Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS),

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spine

• If suspicion (complaints of severe pain in
  his neck or back, numbness or paralysis of
  limbs)
• Dont move the person and keep him still.
• Place heavy towels on both sides of the neck
  to prevent movement.
• Provide CPR if neccesory.
• Arrange ambulance.

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SHOCK

• Shock is failure of CVS to supply blood to vital
  organs. (heart,lungs brain)
• If shock is not treated, it can cause death. (any
  type of injury can cause shock).
• Signs and symptoms of shock.
• -confused
  -fast or slow pulserate
  -fast or slow breathing -cool and moist
  skin -pale or bluish skin,lips,
  fingernails.

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CARE FOR SHOCK

• Keep the victim laying down (if possible).
• Elevate legs 10-12 inches unless you suspect a
  spinal injury or broken bones.
• Cover the victim to maintain body temperature.
• Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air.
• If victim begins to vomit - place them on their
  left side.
• Call EMS.

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Burns - TYPES

• 1.Dry burn - flames, hot objects.
• 2.Scalds - steams, hot liquids.
• 3.Electrical burn -Low high voltage currents,
  lightening.
• 4.Cold injury -frostbite.
• 5.Chemical burn -Industrial domestic
  chemicals
• 6.Radiation burn -sun burn
• radioactive

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Burns - First Aid

• Burns
• 1st Degree - redness with swelling and pain,
  flush with cool water
• 2nd Degree - blisters, redness with severe pain
  place damp bandage,
  use no ointments
• 3rd Degree - white or charred and painless,
  use dry bandage
• 2nd or 3rd - get medical attention

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For Major Burns

• Dont remove burnt clothing
• Dont immerse severe large burns in coldwater
  cause shock
• Check for signs of circulation
  (breathing,coughing or movement) start
  CPR.
• Cover the area of burn
  Use a cool,moist, sterile
  bandage.

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Cold - Stress

• Dress in layers
• Limit exposed skin
• Frostbite - localized frozen tissue
• Do not rub area, limit motion, immerse in warm
  water
• Hypothermia - lowered body temperature
• Remove wet clothing, use dry blankets, hot drinks
• Seek medical attention

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Temperature Stress - Heat

• Sunburn - keep skin covered
• Heat Cramps - drink dilute Gatorade
• Heat Exhaustion -heavy sweating, cool skin
• -Cool victim, seek medical attention if vomiting
• Heat Stroke - medical emergency
• -Hot, dry skin, rapid then weakening pulse
• -Cool victim immediately. Call EMS.

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ELECTRIC SHOCK

• Can cause
• Cardiac arrest
• Heart rhythm problems
• Respiratory failure
• Seizures
• Unconsciousness
• Numbness and tingling

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ELECTRIC SHOCK- FIRST AID

• Look first. Dont touch the person.
• Turn off the source of electricity
• Check for signs of circulation (breathing,
  coughing or movement)
• Lay the person down to
• prevent shock

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Drowning

• Use rope, stick to help them out
• Prone position
• Remove foreign body in nose and throat
• Compress abdomen
• Mouth to mouth respiration

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Snake bite

• Remain calm.
• Dont move the bitten limbs.
• Apply a loose splint to reduce movement.
• Dont use a tourniquet.
• Dont cut the wound to remove the venom.
• Identify the snake if possible.
• Seek medical attention as soon as possible.

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Chest pain- First aid

• Signs and symptoms
• Fullness or squeezing pain in the center of
  the chest.
• Pain spreading to the shoulders, neck or arms.
  
• Sweating and shortness of breath.

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Chest pain- First aid

• Call EMS immediately.
• Take nitroglycerine, if already prescribed.
• Have someone drive you to nearest hospital.
• If unconscious assess and start CPR.

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POISONING FIRST AID

• signs and symptoms of poisoning.
• When to call for help.
• What to do while waiting for help.
• What NOT to do.

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF POISONING

• Burns or redness around mouth and lips.
• Breath smells like chemicals.
• Burns, stains and odors on the person.
• Empty medication bottles or scattered pills.
• Vomiting, difficult breathing, sleepiness,
  confusion.
• Call EMS.

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WHAT TO DO WHILE WAITING

• Get in to fresh air immediately.
• If the poison spilled on the person, remove the
  clothing, flush the skin or eyes with cool or
  lukewarm water.
• Take the poison container with you to the
  hospital.

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WHAT NOT TO DO

• Dont administer anything to induce vomiting in
  semi-conscious patient.

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REMEMBER!!!UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

• The routine use of appropriate barrier
  precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane
  exposure when contact with blood or other body
  fluids of any individual may occur or is
  anticipated.
• Universal Precautions apply to blood and to all
  other body fluids with potential for spreading
  any infections.

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First Aid and CPR

• Know how to get help
• Let us help you

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THE ENDDepartment of Anaesthesiology KGMCH
Asaripallam.