Early Human Beings

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Early Human Beings

• May have left AfricaWhy? Probably diseases,
  population pressure.

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We are all genetic brothers and sisters,
regardless of skin color.

• We all share a common mother (proven D.N.A)
• A bottleneck of ancestors (maybe numbering less
  than 100 people) occurred thousands of years ago
• This means Mrs. Olsen is your sister.
• Yuck.
• Our last common ancestor lived only 600 years ago

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The Ice Age

• Ended about 10,000 years agobut was the coldest
  only 20,000 years ago!
• Huge ice sheets covered the land
• Changed the Earths landscape
• Created Norwegian Fjords, settlements along the
  ice sheets
• Many inhabitants lived in cavesdrawing pictures
  of now-extinct animals

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• Ice Age Landscapes of Europe

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Ice Age Landscapes

• The Ice Sheets retreatedbut still left the Alps!

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• The Ice Man Otzi
• Discovered in the Italian Alps in 1991
• 5,300 years oldcaught in blizzard and died
• Typical of the Tribal Man
• Had tattoos, carried mushrooms, shoes made of
  straw

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Pictures of Otzi
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What Otzi looked like

• Mrs. Olsen, you and me. Homecoming.

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The Continent of Europe

• The Mediterranean shielded the land from major
  ocean storms

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Island Hopping

• The relative close proximity of islands made it
  easier to navigate by land sights
• Island hopping Greek islands to Crete to Malta
  to Corsica to Elba to Capri
• Still, being a sailor was risky business!
• If we could drain the Mediterranean, it would be
  full of shipwrecks.

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Many plains

• Plains are relatively flat places, ideal for
  growing grain.

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Mountain Ranges

• Pyrenees formed barrier between Spain and the
  rest of Europe
• Pyrenees also contained the Muslims

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Balkan Mountain Range

• Very difficult area to penetrate
• Ruggedplace of many legends
• Draculas home
• Muslims settled heresource of conflict even today

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Major Rivers

• Rivers were used for transportation
• They were worshippedand many legends were based
  around rivers
• Greeks believed in River Spirits
• Throughout European History, Rivers provide
  borders, penetration points, and escape

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Danube RiverStarts in Alps

• Great Mother River

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Seine, France
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RhineHolland Germany

• The traditional border between France Germany.

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Thames River, England

• Used by the Romans to invade England

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Blessed Europe

• Europe does not have any true deserts
• Most of Europe has adequate rainfall
• There is a vast European plain that provides idea
  growing conditions for grains
• Ocean currents help to create a mild climate
• England is an island and less involved in
  European conflicts

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Interesting Tidbits
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Vast forests produced Amber
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Tribes believed in superstition and magic

• Druids worshipped Oak trees

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Superstitious customs included Bog People

• Thrown into bogs (swamps)

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Dark forests, mists, fog and nighttime fostered
many legends about monsters
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