Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases ( Non-Communicable)

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Lifestyle/ChronicDiseases ( Non-Communicable)

• Unit 8 In The Book
• Page 514

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Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases

• - diseases caused by lifestyle choices, genetics,
  and/or environment and not communicable.

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Cardiovascular Diseasesp.515

• Heart Diseases- any disease of the heart muscle
  or other working parts of the heart.
• Coronary Heart Disease- A disease in which the
  coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked.
• Coronary Artery- is a blood vessel that carries
  blood/ oxygen to feed heart muscles.
• Plaque- mixture of fatty deposits with minerals
  that builds up on blood vessel walls.

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Cardiovascular Disease- disease of the heart
blood vessels, such as congestive heart failure,
coronary heart disease stroke.

• Factors which could lead to CVD
• -gender, heredity, smoking, hypertension, high
  cholesterol, poor diet, diabetes, obesity, lack
  of exercise stress.
• Prevention
• - avoid saturated fats, eat plenty of fruits,
  vegetables and fiber, exercise.

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Types of Diabetes523

• Insulin-
• Glucose-

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Heart Attack(Myocardial Infarction)

• P. 517
• the event in which blood vessels that feed the
  heart muscle become blocked and the heart does
  not receive oxygen.

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Blood Vessels

1. Arteries- carry blood away from the heart,
   largest blood vessels with thick muscular walls.
2. Veins- carry blood towards the heart.
3. Capillaries- connect arteries to veins, smallest
   of the blood vessels.

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Blood Clots

• Thrombus- a stationary clot in the blood.
• ex. Coronary Thrombus
• Embolus- a traveling blood clot.
• Aneurysm- the ballooning out of an artery at a
  point where it has become weak.
• Hemorrhage- the breaking of an artery wall at a
  point where it has grown weak.

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• Aneurysm Hemorrhage

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Atherosclerosisp.516

• a disease in which plaque collects on artery
  walls.
• It worsens hypertension and makes blood clots
  likely.
• Can cause blockage of arteries that feed critical
  organs, such as the heart and brain.
• Arteriosclerosis- tends to occur naturally as
  people age.

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Other Types of Heart Diseasep.515

• Congenital- born with
• Murmur- a heart sound that reflects damaged or
  abnormal heart valves.
• Pacemaker- a device that is implanted in the
  heart to stimulate normal heart contractions.

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• Rheumatic Fever- occurs chiefly in children and
  teens and includes inflammation of the heart
  valves.
• Symptoms-
• painful swollen joints, skin rashes
• Prevention-
• prompt treatment of Strep throat

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Blood Pressurep.519

• Hypertension- high blood pressure, silent
  Killer, if untreated can result in kidney
  damage, stroke, and heart attack. Can be
  hereditary.
• systolic- contraction, highest pressure measured
  ( good BP)
• diastolic- relaxation
• 140/90 ( High BP)
• Prehypertension-
• Stage I-
• Stage II-
• Sphygmomanometer- used to measure BP

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High Cholesterol

• Below 200 milligrams per deciliter is desirable
• Two types
• 1. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
• 2. Low Density Lipoproteins
• (LDL)

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LDL

• Bad
• Builds up on artery walls
• LDL levels should be below 130 mg/dl
• Helps lead to atherosclerosis

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HDL

• Good
• Takes fat out of blood, takes excess cholesterol
  to liver to be disposed of.
• HDL levels should be above 45 mg/dl

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StrokeP. 516

• a condition caused by a blocked or broken blood
  vessel in the brain, basically shutting off all
  blood flow/ oxygen to the brain.
• Causes Thrombus, Embolus, Hemorrhage, Aneurysm,
  compression from a tumor.

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Symptoms of a Stroke

• Sudden weakness, numbness, tingling
• headaches
• Loss of speech, slurred speech
• Dizziness, unsteadiness
• Dimness, loss of vision, blurred vission
• Paralysis
• Disability or death
• In a major stroke, part of the brain will die
  causing mental physical damage loss of
  functioning.

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Diagnosis TreatmentP. 520

• Electro-Cardiogram-
• Cardiac Catheterization-
• Stress Test-
• Echocardiogram-
• Nuclear Stress Test-
• Angioplasty-
• Stent-

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CancerP. 531

• -An uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells which
  spreads into surrounding tissue and other body
  parts.

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Tumor P.531

• Tumor- an abnormal mass of tissue that can live
  and reproduce itself, but performs no service to
  the body.
• Benign- non-cancerous, does not spread to other
  parts of the body. Can be removed surgically,
  rarely causes harm.
• Malignant- is a cancerous tumor, that may spread
  to other parts of the body.

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Stages P.531

• Metastasis- is the spread of cancer.
• In Situ- cancer not spreading, in its original
  location.

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How Cancer Develops

1. Exposure to Carcinogen or initiator (risk factor)
2. Initiator enters cell
3. Cells genetic material changes
4. Promoter may be present
5. Multiplication of cells
6. Tumors develop
7. Malignant tumor grows spreads to surrounding
   tissue
8. Metastasis occurs

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Warning signs of Cancerp.534

• C
• A
• U
• T
• I
• O
• N

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Most Common CancerP.535

• Skin Cancer- overexposure to the sun for many
  years, most easily detected because it is plainly
  visible.
• Malignant Melanoma- most dangerous
• Basal Cell Carcinoma-
• most common

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Common CancersP.532 533

• Male- lung, colon-rectum, prostate
• Female- lung, breast, colon-rectum, uterus
• Initiators (Causes)
• Promoter- speeds up process of cancer development
• 1.Heredity(lung,colon,rectal,breast,uterine)
• 2.Carcinogens
• 3.Radiation
• 4.Viruses
• 5.Lack of Exercise or Poor Diet

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Reducing Your Risk of CancerP.534

• Tobacco Free Lifestyle
• UV Radiation
• Dietary Guidelines
• Desirable Weight
• Avoid Alcohol
• Chemicals/Air Pollution
• Avoid STDs

• Important in Cancer Prevention
• Early detection
• Self examination
• Doctor exam
• Good diet (antioxidants, high in fiber, variety
  of foods)

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Statistics

• According to the U.S. Center for Cancer
  Statistics the leading cancer found in males,
  regardless of race, is prostate cancer. For
  females, it is breast cancer. There are 1.5 times
  more African-American males with prostate cancer
  than Caucasian males. Breast cancer is 20 higher
  in Caucasian females than in African-American
  females.

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Treatment ApproachesP. 536

• Surgery- most common
• Radiation Therapy- uses radiation to kill or
  damage cancer cells
• Chemotherapy- anticancer drugs
• Immunotherapy- immune system stimulated to fight
  cancer cells