Disorders of Water and Ions Metabolism

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Disorders of Water and Ions Metabolism
General Pathology Seminar

• Jaroslava Dušková
• Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ.,
  Prague
• http//www1.lf1.cuni.cz/jdusk/

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Body Fluids

• intracellular
• extracellular

TBW total body water
intravascular
extravascular
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Normal Water Gains Losses
ml

• Daily Intake
• Drinking 1600
• Food 850
• Oxidation 350
• Total 2800

Daily Otput Urine 1600 Stool
100 Skin 300 Lungs
800 Total 2800
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Intracellular Edema

• energy (ATP) deficiency statuses hydropic
  degeneration vacuolar dystrophy
• Na/K dysbalances (hyperaldosteronism)
• hypokalaemia in severe diarrhoea
• hyperhydration - water intoxication (infusions!)

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Starlings Hypothesis

• Net filtration
• Forces favoring filtration
• Forces opposing filtration
• Forces favoring filtration capillary hydrostatic
  preassure intersticial oncotic
  pressure
• Forces opposing filtration plasma oncotic
  pressure tissue hydrostatic pressure

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Edema

• Def.
• accumulation of fluid in the intersticial spaces

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Causes Types of Edema

• increased hydrostatic pressure - cardiac
• decreased oncotic pressure hypalbuminotic
• blocked lymphatics lymphostatic
• neuromediators - allergic

Extent generalized, localized
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Thrombosis

• Def.
• intravital intravascular
• blood clotting
• Range
• parietal
• obturative

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Types of Thrombi

• red stagnation
• white fluxe
• mixed
• hyaline

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• RES
• thrombosis
• rheumatis
• scurvy
• cholelithiasis
• appendicitis
• Beiträge zur pathologischen Anatomie und zur
  allgemeinen Pathologie
• Beiträge zur Thrombosenfrage

Karl Albert Ludwig Aschoff 1866-1942, German