Iodine deficiency disorders

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Iodine and its role in the body
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• Aim to gain the concept of iodine and
• its rule
• and this will be done through the following
  behavioral objectives
• To define the iodine
• To enumerate its dietary sources
• To explain the importance of iodine
• To detect the recommended daily intake of iodine
  for every age group

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IODINE

• Iodine is an essential trace element. It
  present in the body in a minute amount (normally
  20-30 mg) .
• 80 of the iodine in the body (15 milligrams
  in adult) is present in the thyroid gland where
  it is used in the synthesis of several thyroid
  hormones.

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• The remainder is distributed throughout other
  tissues, particularly in the lactating mammary,
  salivary, gastric glands and in the kidneys.
  Within the circulation iodine occurs in the form
  of free iodine ion or as protein-bound iodine.
• Excretion is primarily in urine and small
  amount in feces.

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Sources

• Iodine is provided in the diet by food
  water. The iodine in the water occurs in form of
  iodide ion in amount that varies from region to
  region in line with variation in iodine content
  of the soil. These variations in iodine content
  of the soil are also reflected in the variations
  in the iodine content of the plant animals
  raised on the soil.

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• Sea food salt water fish are rich sources
  (30-300microgram/100gm meat) next come fresh
  water fish (20-40 microgram/100 gm meat).

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Function of iodine

• It is an integral part of thyroid hormones that
  play a major role in regulating growth and
  development. They also have important role in
  regulation of metabolic rate.
• It is required for early development of nervous
  system during fetal life.
• It is needed for normal reproductive function.

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endemic goiter
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Congenital hypothyroidism
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cretinism
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Hydropsfetalis
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Recommended intake

• Adult (male female)150 microgram/day
• Pregnant women 175 microgram/day
• Lactating women 200 microgram/day
• Children 40 microgram/day

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IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS IDD

• Aim to know the effects of iodine deficiency
  and their prevention
• and this will be done through the following
  behavioral objectives

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• To define IDD
• To know the impact of the problem in the world
• To enumerate the causes of IDD
• To enumerate the methods of IDD prevention
• To criticize the salt iodization program in Iraq

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IODINE DEFICIENCY

• It is the leading cause of preventable
  intellectual impairment. It is associated with a
  variety of clinical disorders called "iodine
  deficiency disorders". IDD is known to be
  significant health problem in 118 countries, IDD
  affects 740 million of people (13 of world
  population), 30 of remainder are at risk.

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• IDD affect poor pregnant women, preschool
  children causing serious health problems that
  are
• endemic goiter
• endemic cretinism
• hypothyroidism
• mental retardation
• reproductive failure, abortion still birth
• childhood mortality
• Socio-economic retardation.

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Etiology of Iodine deficiency

• deficient intake (diet water)
• increased requirement
• Intake of goitrogens substances occur naturally
  in food that acts by blocking absorption,
  utilization of iodine.
• Deficiency of enzymes needed in the metabolism of
  iodine.

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• Prevention control of IDD

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• Universal salt iodization this greatly decreases
  the goiter in many countries the amount added
  should be related to the usual consumption in the
  community (5-10 g/person/day). It is recommended
  that iodine concentration in the salt at site of
  production should be within the range of 20-40mg
  of iodine/kg of salt (20-40ppm of iodine) in
  order to provide 150 microgram of
  iodine/person/day.

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• Administration of iodized oil either in form of
  injection or capsule
• Iodization of water supply in remote village
  where distribution of iodized salt or injection
  of iodized oil is impractical
• Dietary modification

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• Good medical service health care for early
  diagnosis treatment of goiter and
  hypothyroidism.
• Direct administration of iodine solution, such as
  lugol's iodine, at regular interval (once a
  month).

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• THANK YOU