TCP/IP history

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TCP/IP history
Skills none IT concepts Internetwork
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The TCP/IP history

• Internet concepts
• Applications
• Technology (TCP/IP)
• Implications for
• Individuals
• Organizations
• Society
• Internet skills
• Application development
• Content creation
• Text
• Images
• Audio
• Video

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The vision
Vannevar Bushs memex from As We May Think, 1945
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The vision
In a few years, men will be able to communicate
more effectively through a machine than face to
face. What will on-line interactive
communities be like? ... They will be communities
not of common location, but of common interest.
In each field, the overall community of interest
will be large enough to support a comprehensive
system of field-oriented programs and data.

Licklider and Taylor, On-Line Man Computer
Communication, 1968 (revision of a 1962
conference paper)
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The vision
Doug Engelbart, 1968, demonstrating systems
designed to augment human intelligence (begun in
1962)
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The ARPANet -- December 5, 1969

• Connected dissimilar computers, not networks
• Like a widely dispersed local area network
• Like a LAN with Macs and Windows PCs

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TCP/IP motivation
ARPA wanted to connect several separate,
dissimilar networks to create an internetwork.
Above is a figure from the paper proposing TCP,
an internetworking protocol
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A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication,
IEEE Trans on Comms, Vol Com-22, No 5 May 1974.
Vinton G. Cerf
Robert E. Kahn
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TCP demonstration, October 1977
Interconnected three networks ARPANet, SATNet,
and the San Francisco Bay area packet radio
network
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TCP/IP milestones

• March 1978, TCP split into TCP and IP because
  packet voice applications required fast transport
  without error checking (UDP)
• January 1 1983, ARPAnet converts to TCP/IP, and
  splits into Milnet for operational applications
  and ARPANet for research
• 1985, The U.S. National Science Foundation
  initiates the NSFNET program with the goal of
  connecting all US and many foreign universities
• 1986, NSF deploys a six node network with 56 Kbps
  links using TCP/IP

Which day was the birth of the Internet?
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Other early protocols

• IBM System Network Architecture, 1974
• Digital Equipment Corporation DECNet, 1975
• International Organization for Standardization
  model, 1978

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Cool historic video
Computer Networks Robert Kahn describing the
ARPANet, J. C. R. Licklidder on motivation and
applications, and others.
The Demo, Douglas Engelbart demonstrates personal
computer and networking prototypes that inspired
generations of products and research