SUMMARY ENGLISH GRAMMAR

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SUMMARY ENGLISHGRAMMAR
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Grammar Focus Relative Clauses of Time
Halloween is a day when kids in the United States
dress up in masks and costumes. November 2 is
the day when Mexicans observe the Day of the
Dead. Fall is the season when people in the
United States and Canada celebrate Thanksgiving.
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GRAMMAR FOCUSRelative clauses
Use who or that for people. Use which or that for things.
Its about a guy. He joins a corrupt law firm. Its a thriller. It stars Tom Cruise.
Its about a guy who/that joins a corrupt law firm. Its a thriller which/that stars Tom Cruise.
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GRAMMAR FOCUSPast modals
Use would have or should have past participle to talk about imaginary or hypothetical actions in the past. Use would have or should have past participle to talk about imaginary or hypothetical actions in the past.
What would you have done? I would have told her to leave. I wouldnt have done anything.
What should I have done? You should have spoken to her about it. You shouldnt have lied about it.
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GRAMMAR FOCUS Causative have (have something
done)
Subject have noun past participle Computers companies have the scenes for their games drawn by artists. I had my hair cut yesterday. She has the homework done by her sister.
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GRAMMAR FOCUSEvaluations and comparisons
Evaluations with adjectives Evaluations with nouns
The kitchen isnt big enough There arent enough bedrooms.
The living room is too small. There isnt enough closet space.

Comparisons with adjectives Comparisons with nouns
Its not as cheap as the last apartment. It doesnt have as many bedrooms as the last apartment.
Its almost as cheap (as the last apartment) It has just as many bedrooms (as the last apartment).
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GRAMMAR FOCUSReported speech requests
Notice how requests are reported with the verb ask, tell and say the infinitive. Notice how requests are reported with the verb ask, tell and say the infinitive.

Original request Reported request
Can you bring some soda? She asked me to bring some soda.
She told me to bring some soda.
She said to bring some soda.

Dont say anything to Albert. She asked me not to say anything to Albert.
She told me not to say anything to Albert.
She said not to say anything to Albert.
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GRAMMAR FOCUS Future with going to and
will
Where are you going to go? Im going to go to the beach Im not going to take a vacation. Im not sure. Maybe Ill catch up on my reading. I probably wont take a vacation this year.

What are you going to do? Im going to do lots of swimming I guess Ill just stay home. I dont know. I think Ill go camping.

• Use be going to verb to talk about plans youve
  decided on. Use will with maybe, probably, I
  guess or I think to talk about possible plans
  before youve made a decision