Vocabulary Review

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Vocabulary Review

• The Digestive System
• The Excretory System

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The first place in the body where mechanical
digestion occurs
mouth
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Glands that aid with chemical digestion in the
mouth
Salivary glands
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A muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the
stomach
esophagus
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The name give to a moistened ball of food that
enters the pharynx
bolus
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Smooth muscle contractions that push food thru
the esophagus
peristalsis
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A thick ring of muscle that opens and closes
between the esophagus and the stomach
Cardiac sphincter
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A muscular sac in the body where mechanical and
chemical digestion occur
stomach
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a ground-up mixture of food and gastric fluid
found in the stomach
chyme
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The enzyme that breaks down large proteins in the
stomach
pepsin
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A ring of muscle found between the stomach and
small intestine
Pyloric sphincter
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The first section of the small intestine
duodenum
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Small projections lining the small intestine that
help with the absorption of nutrients
villi
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A large organ located below the diaphragm that
stores glycogen and breaks down toxic substances
such as alcohol
Liver
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Made in the Liver, this fluid helps to break down
fats or lipids
Bile
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A pouch-like organ where bile is stored
Gall bladder
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The organ that releases enzymes for digestion,
sodium bicarbonate, and hormones to regulate
blood sugar levels
pancreas
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The final segment of the digestive system in
which water is removed from the undigested
material
Large intestine or colon
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Organisms found in the large intestine that help
the body make vitamins
bacteria
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Vitamin made in the large intestine
Vitamins K
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Nutrients formed from fatty acids and glycerol
lipids
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Salivary amylase in saliva initiates the
digestion of
starch
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Chemical digestion of proteins begins in the
stomach
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The organ that produces bile
Liver
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The lining of the small intestine is covered with
fingerlike projections called
villi
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Lipase produced in the pancreas breaks down down
Fat droplets
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Flap of cartilage that closes off trachea when
you swallow
epiglottis
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The villi allow for an increase in
Absorptive surface area
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Exchange of nutrients with body cells takes place
by diffusion thru the walls of
capillaries
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Responsible for low pH in contents of the stomach
Hydrochloric acid
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Muscle between the esophagus and the stomach
Cardiac sphincter
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Last section of the small intestine
ileum
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Bile has a role in ___digestion
lipid
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Break down food using enzymes/emulsifliers
Chemical digestion
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The physical altering of food
Mechanical digestion
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A hole in the stomach wall caused by Helicobacter
pylori bacteria
Peptic ulcer
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Percentage of the water that enters Bowmans
capsule that is reabsorbed in blood
99
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Excretory System
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The main organ of the excretory system found
either side of spinal column in the lower back
kidney
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A muscular sac that stores urine
bladder
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A tube that takes urine from the kidney to the
urinary bladder
ureter
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A tube that takes urine out of the body from the
urinary bladder
urethra
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The name of the outer portion of the kidney
Renal cortex
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The toxic nitrogenous waste made in the liver
that is taken in the bloodstream to kidney where
it is eliminated from the body
urea
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The small functional unit of a kidney
nephron
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A small bundle of capillaries enclosed by a
cup-shaped structure in a nephron
glomerulus
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A cup-shaped structure surrounding glomerulus in
a nephron
Bowmans capsule
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Section of nephron tubule that conserves water
Loop of Henle
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The process of removing water, urea, glucose,
vitamins, and salts from the blood at the
Bowmans capsule
filtration
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The process that returns needed substances from
the filtrate to the blood ie amino acids,
glucose fats
reabsorption
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This fluid contains urea, excess salts, and water
urine
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Teeth that rip and tear food
incisors
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Sugars and starches are examples of these organic
compounds 121
carbohydrates
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An organic compound used to store energy reserves
insulate body saturated unsaturated
polysaturated are all examples of these
lipids
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Organic compounds made of animo acids
proteins
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Organic molecules that can be water-soluble or
fat-soluble and are used to help enzymes function
in the body
vitamins
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Inorganic nutrients, such as Iron, Ca, and
magnesium, that help the body function
minerals
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