Biomes are regions in the world with similar:

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Biomes are regions in the world with similar

• Climate (weather, temperature)
• Flora (vegetation, or plants)
• Fauna (animals insects)

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How is sunlight different at different latitudes?
90N North Pole
Sunlight
Arctic circle
66.5N
Sunlight
Tropic of Cancer
23.5N
Equator
0
Most direct sunlight
Tropic of Capricorn
23.5S
Sunlight
Arctic circle
66.5S
Sunlight
90S South Pole
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Section 4-3
Figure 4-11 The Worlds Major Land Biomes
Temperate grassland
Tropical rain forest
Temperate forest
Tundra
Northwestern coniferous forest
Mountains and ice caps
Tropical dry forest
Desert
Temperate woodland and shrubland
Tropical savanna
Boreal forest (Taiga)
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TERRESTRIAL or LAND BIOMES INCLUDE

• Tundra
• Northwest Coniferous Forest
• Temperate Forest
• Temperate Grassland
• Temperate Woodlands
• Boreal Forest
• Tropical Rainforest
• Tropical Savannah
• Tropical Dry
• Desert

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Tundra
Savannah
Deciduous Forest
Desert
Coniferous forest
Rainforest
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TUNDRA

• Has a permanently frozen subsoil called
  permafrost
• too cold for many animals or plants to survive
  (Avg. temp. -10 c)
• Average precipitation is less than 50 cm/year
• Plants includes mosses, lichens, grass small
• shrubs.
• Animals Polar bears, Arctic foxes, caribou

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TUNDRA
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T UNDRA
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Coniferous Forest

• Cold, wet climate
• Has long cold winters (average temp. 0 c)
• Average annual precipitation 100 cm.
• Animals Deer, lynx, fox, hare and grizzly
  
• bears. Many animals hibernate or migrate to
  
• escape the long, cold winter months.
• - Plants Coniferous trees
• (pine tree, fir, evergreens)

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Coniferous Forest
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Coniferous Forest
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TEMPERATE FOREST Deciduous Forest

• Deciduous trees lose their leaves once each
• year when weather turns cold.
• Houston, Texas is in a temperate forest
• Weather is moderate (Avg. temp. 10 c)
• Rainfall tends to be heavy (70-105 cm).
• Animals include deer, black bear, squirrels
• Oak and hickory trees, grasses and flowering
• plants grow here.

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HOUSTON
TEMPERATE FOREST (Deciduous Forest)
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Temperate Forest
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TROPICAL RAINFOREST

• Most diverse biome over 2 million species.
• Humid, temperature is consistent, (avg. temp. 25
  c).
• lots of rain - year round (avg. 200-400 cm/year)
• Plants diverse flowers, hard wood trees,
  medicinal plants and canopy trees.
• Animals monkeys, cat like mammals (jaguar),
  reptiles, sloth and insects.

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R A I N F O R E S T
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R A I N F O R E S T
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Tropical Rain ForestWashington State
Costa Rica
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The Amazon River
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Tropical Savannah

• Also called prairies or savannahs
• Good soil, most crops are grown here.
• Average temperature 15 c.
• semi-dry biome. Rain Avg. (25-75 cm/year)
• Plants Grasses are the main plant life.
• Animals antelope, buffalo, giraffes
• and other large herbivores. Also, lions and
• cheetahs.

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Savannah
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S A V A N N A H
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DESERT

• Very hot, dry biomes
• there is little rainfall (less than 25 cm/year)
• few types of plants. Vegetation includes
• cactus and the Joshua tree.
• Desert animals include snakes and lizards.
• Animals are nocturnal or live underground
• or under rocks when the sun is out.

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Desert
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Desert
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Tropical Dry Forest

• Biome that experiences an annual hard, dry season
• Precipitation VARIES
• Mild Temperature, RICH SOIL
• Many found in Mexico and Central America
• Plants and trees can survive long periods of
  little to no precipitation-a leafless period
  exists and plants/trees have DEEP roots.
• Vegetation includes Acacias, Giant Barrel Cactus
• TREES/GRASSES medium Moderate diversity
• Animals include Howler Monkeys, scorpions
• Estivation- The summer equivalency of
  hibernation.

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Tropical Dry Forest
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Tropical Dry Forest
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Temperate Grassland

• Contain some of the worlds most fertile soil.
• Drought and fire play large roles in keeping
  trees from taking over the grasslands. 
• Avg. rain 20-35 in/yr (moderate)
• Temp is HOT
• Vegetation includes buffalo grass, Johnson grass
  (GRASSES dense!) Trees ABSENT
• Animals include bison, pronghorns, deer, mice,
  rabbits, grouse, badgers, skunks, owls, garter
  snakes, rattle-snakes, red-tailed hawks and
  prairie dogs.

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Temperate Grassland
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Temperate Woodlands

• Also known as the Mediterranean Biome
• Summers are hot and dry in interior locations and
  cooler near the coasts. Their winters are rainy
  but mild.
• Poor soil, low diversity
• Vegetation Trees and grasses are medium
• Animals include Coyotes, bobcats, mountain
  lions, badgers, foxes, small rodents
• Avg. Rainfall- 27 in/yr growing season
  about 140 to 200 days

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Temperate Woodlands
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Boreal Forest/ Taiga

• Climate in the taiga is cold, with average annual
  temperatures from about 5  to -5 degrees C
• Precipitation varies

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Boreal Forest/Taiga
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Aquatic Environments

• Fresh Water Ecosystems lakes, ponds, streams,
  rivers and Wetlands.
• Marine Ecosystems intertidal and estuaries
• photic zone area of the marine biome where
  sunlight can penetrate. It is the most
  productive region. Why?
• Aphotic zone the area of the marine biome where
  sunlight does not penetrate. Animals in this
  biome are heterotrophic. Why?

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Ten Major Biomes Ten Major Biomes Ten Major Biomes Ten Major Biomes Ten Major Biomes Ten Major Biomes Ten Major Biomes
Biome Precipitation Temperature Soil Diversity Trees Grasses
Tropical Rain Forest high hot poor high dense sparse
Tropical Dry Forest variable mild rich moderate medium medium
Tropical Savanna variable mild clay moderate sparse dense
Desert low variable poor moderate sparse sparse
Temperate Grassland moderate summer hot rich moderate absent dense
Temperate woodland and Shrubland summer low, winter moderate summer hot poor low medium medium
Temperate Forest moderate summer moderate, winter cold rich high dense sparse
Northwestern Coniferous Forest high summer mild, winter cold rocky, acidic low dense sparse
Boreal Forest moderate summer mild, winter cool poor, acidic moderate dense sparse
Tundra low summer mild, winter cold poor low absent medium