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Clothing Management

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Title: Clothing Management


1
Clothing Management
  • Unit 2
  • Textiles

Tonja Bolding Lakeside High School
2
Unit 2 terms
  • 1. blends -in clothing, a term to refer to
    combining different fibers into one yarn
  • 2. care label -a label inside a garment
    describing its fiber content and how to care for
    it
  • 3. cellulose fibers -fibers made from plant
    (wood) sources
  • 4. fabric finish -treatment given to clothing to
    improve appearance, texture, or performance
  • 5. fiber -a basic unit from which fabric is made
  • 6. grain line -a line on a pattern piece with
    arrows that show how to place the pattern on the
    straight grain of the fabric
  • 7. gray (greige) goods -unfinished fabric that
    lacks color when it first comes from the loom
  • 8. hang tag -a tag providing information about
    the garment to which it is attached, such as
    price and size

3
  • 9. knitted fabric -fabric made by looping yarns
    together
  • 10. manufactured fiber -fibers not found in
    nature
  • 11. natural fiber -a fiber that comes from plants
    or hair of animals
  • 12. non-woven fabric -fabric made using heat,
    moisture, and/or adhesive
  • 13. permanent finish -a fabric finish that lasts
    the entire life of the garment
  • 14. pill -small balls of fiber that form on the
    surface of fabric
  • 15. ply yarn -yarn made by twisting two or more
    single yarns together
  • 16. woven fabric -made by interlacing lengthwise
    and crosswise yarns
  • 17. yarn -fibers twisted together or laid side by
    side

4
2.1 Name textile uses
  • Clothing is not the only use of textile products.
  • Textiles are used to make sheets, towels,
    upholstery, carpets, umbrellas, filters, space
    suits, etc..
  • Football turf is made from textiles.
  • Artificial hearts use textiles as well.
  • Textiles are used for everything from blouses to
    buildings.

5
Natural Fibers
2.2 Differentiate between natural and
manufactured fibers
  • Natural fibers come from plants or the hair of
    animals.
  • Cotton, linen, wool,and silk are the most common
    natural fibers.
  • Quality varies on the type of plant or animal and
    the growing conditions.
  • They have unique characteristics that cannot be
    copied by science.

6
Examples of Natural Fibers
  • Cotton is a natural cellulosic fiber obtained
    from the cotton plant.
  • Advantages- strong, launders well, inexpensive,
    comfortable, wide variety of uses
  • Disadvantages- shrinks in hot water, mildews if
    out in damp storage, wrinkles easily
  • Uses- outer wear, underwear,
  • home furnishing

7
  • Flax is the fiber used to make linen.
  • Advantages-strongest of natural fibers, durable,
    lint free, stands high temperatures
  • Disadvantages-expensive, wrinkles easy unless
    treated, has color loss
  • Uses- Clothing (suits, handkerchiefs) Home
    furnishings (draperies, tablecloths)

linen fabric
Egyptian flax
8
  • Ramie comes from a plant often grown in China and
    India. Often called China Grass.
  • Advantages-strong, durable, dries quickly,
    absorbs moisture
  • Disadvantages-wrinkles easily, stiff and wire
    like, and coarse
  • Uses- cords, can be combined with other fabrics
    to make home furnishings, and combined with other
    natural and manufactured fibers in wearing apparel

Ramie is often blended with cotton
ramie plant
9

Other uses of Natural Fibers
  • Jute is used to make rope and burlap.
  • Hemp is used to make rope, cording for jewelry
    making, clothing and accessories.

10
  • Wool is made from the fleece of sheep or lambs.
  • Advantages-warmest of all fibers, wrinkle
    resistant, durable, combines with other fibers
    successfully
  • Disadvantages-expensive, shrink and mat
  • when moisture applied, absorbs odors
  • Uses-clothing (outerwear, sweaters) home
    furnishings(blankets, rugs, upholstery)

11
  • Silk is obtained by the unwinding of a silkworms
    cocoon.
  • Advantages-strong but lightweight, soil resistant
  • Disadvantages-dry-cleaning, yellows with age,
    expensive
  • Uses-Clothing (wedding dresses, blouses) home
    furnishings(lampshades, wall hangings)

12
Specialty Hair Fibers
camels hair
angora goat
alpaca
guanaco
llama
cashmere goat
vicuna
13
Manufactured Fibers
  • Manufactured fibers are not found in nature.
  • They surround you. They are in your clothes, on
    your furniture, at your school, and in your car.
  • Rayon was the first commercially produced fiber.

14
Rayon
  • Rayon is very much like cotton.
  • Advantages-drapes well, comfortable, soft,
    inexpensive
  • Disadvantages-weak when wet, stretches, will
    mildew
  • Uses-Blouses, dresses, curtains, bedding

15
Acetate
  • It looks and feels luxurious. It takes dye well.
  • Advantages- drapes well, inexpensive, easy to dye
  • Disadvantages- weak, special care for cleaning,
    heat sensitive
  • Uses-dresses, scarves, shirts

16
Triacetate
  • Triacetate is similar to acetate in appearance.
  • Advantages-easy to care for, does not shrink,
    resists wrinkles and fading
  • Disadvantages-weak, nonabsorbent
  • Use-blouses, dresses, lightweight knits

17
Nylon
  • Nylon is very strong and durable.
  • Advantages-lightweight,dries quickly, retains
    shape, easy care
  • Disadvantages-damaged by sun, surface pills, heat
    sensitive
  • Uses-casual tops, camisoles, slips, windbreakers

18
Polyester
  • Very versatile. Almost any appearance and texture
    can be achieved.
  • Advantages-easy care, resistant to wrinkles,
    strong/durable, easy to dye
  • Disadvantages-takes oily stains, low absorbency,
    static buildup
  • Uses-underwear, carpets, childrens wear

19
Olefin
  • Lightest fiber made. Floats on water and has
    very low absorption
  • Advantages-Strong/durable, inexpensive, very
    lightweight
  • Disadvantages-heat sensitive, poor dye ability,
    non absorbent
  • Uses- upholster, outdoor furniture

20
Acrylic
  • Often used as a replacement for wool. It is
    soft, warm and lightweight
  • Advantages-keeps it shape well, resists sunlight,
    chemicals and wrinkles
  • Disadvantages-pills, static electricity
  • Uses-sportswear, sweaters, blankets

21
Modacrylic
  • Flame resistant, soft and warm
  • Advantages-resists shrinkage and chemicals,
    retains shape, easy to dye
  • Disadvantages-weak, static buildup
  • Uses-fake fur, wigs, carpets, blankets

22
Spandex
  • Elastic like rubber
  • Advantages-very elastic, smooth, lightweight,
    easy care, resists sunlight, oil and perspiration
  • Disadvantages-yellows with age, heat sensitive,
    harmed by bleach
  • Uses-swimwear, skiwear, exercise and dance wear

23

2.3 Distinguish between staple and filament fibers
  • Staple Fibers
  • Staple fibers are short strands of fibers.
  • Most natural fibers are staple.
  • Manufactured fibers can be made into staple
    fibers.
  • Filament Fibers
  • A filament is a long continuous strand of fiber.
  • Any manufactured fiber can be made in filament
    form.
  • Silk is the only natural fiber that is a
    filament.

24
2.4 Identify generic and tradename fibers
Generic fiber is the name of the fiber. They can
be natural or manufactured.
  • acetate
  • acrylic
  • aramid
  • azlon
  • cotton
  • flax
  • glass
  • metallic
  • modacrylic
  • novoloid
  • nylon
  • olefin
  • polyester
  • ramie
  • rayon
  • rubber
  • saran
  • silk
  • spandex
  • triacetate
  • vinyon
  • wool

25
Tradename is the identifying name, symbol, or
design, that sets a manufacturers product apart
from similar products or competitors. May feature
the trademark symbol and will be capitalized.
  • Acrilan
  • Canrrece
  • Celeanese
  • Cepeset
  • Chromspu
  • Coolmax
  • Cleerspun
  • Creslan
  • Dacron
  • Duarspun
  • Estron
  • Fibro
  • Fortrel
  • Galaxy
  • Herculon
  • Lurex
  • Lycra
  • Microloft
  • MicroSafe
  • Orlan
  • SEF Plus
  • Spectra
  • Trevira
  • Viscose
  • Zantrel
  • Zeftron

26
2.5 State procedures for making fibers into yarn.
  • Cotton Fiber to Yarn (Natural Fiber)
  • Cotton is picked and taken to a gin that
    separates the fibers from the seed.
  • Cotton is compressed into bales.
  • It is formed into a lap which is a continuous
    layer of fibers that is wrapped around a
    cylinder.
  • Carding pulls the fibers from the lap, cleans and
    straightens them into a much thinner web of
    fibers. This is done by a carding machine.
  • These fibers go through a funnel-shaped devise
    that molds then into a soft ropelike strand
    slightly thicker than your finger called a carded
    sliver.
  • Many carded slivers are combined and stretched
    into a single drawn sliver about the diameter of
    a single carded sliver in a process called
    drawing.
  • Combing is done to make fibers even more parallel
    and to remove any short fibers which makes long,
    smoother, stronger yarns.
  • Fibers are fed into a roving frame where it is
    twisted slightly and pulled to become a smaller
    stand called roving about the size of a pencil.
  • Spinning machines pull the roving finer, add more
    twist and winds the yarn (fibers twisted together
    or laid side by side) on bobbins.

27
Manufactured Fibers into Yarn
  1. Solid raw material is changed into a liquid.
  2. The liquid is extruded through a spinneret which
    is like a shower head.
  3. It hardens in the form of a fiber.
  4. To make a filament yarn, a few filaments are
    twisted together into yarns.
  5. To make staple yarns, filaments are cut into
    short lengths and later spun into yarns

28
2.6 Discuss basic methods of fabric construction
  • Woven fabric is made by interlacing lengthwise
    and crosswise yarns
  • created on a machine called a loom.
  • Knitted fabric is made by looping yarns together

29
Weaves
2.7 Identify types of weaves and knits
  • plain weave is made by passing a filling yarn
    over one warp yarn and then under one warp yarn.
    Over one under one pattern.
  • muslin
  • twill weave is made when a yarn in one direction
    floats(passes) over two or more yarns in the
    other direction.
  • denim
  • satin weave is made by floating a yarn from one
    direction over four or more yarns from the other
    direction then under one yarn.
  • satin fabric

30
Knits
  • weft knitting is the process of knitting in which
    loops are made as yarn is added in the crosswise
    direction of the fabric.
  • T-shirts
  • hosiery
  • warp knitting is the process of knitting in which
    loops are made by one or more sets of warps
    yarns.
  • Tricot jersey
  • lace

31
2.8 Discuss processes for dyeing and printing
fabrics
  • Dyeing
  • Solution dyeing is the process of dyeing
    manufactured fibers by adding dye to the liquid
    before the fiber is forced through the spinneret.
  • Fiber dyeing is the process of dyeing fibers
    before they are spun into yarns.
  • Stock dyeing is the process of adding dye to
    loose fibers.
  • Yarn dyeing is a dyeing process in which yarns
    are first wound onto spools and than placed in a
    dye bath.
  • Piece dyeing is the process of adding dye after
    the fabric has been made.

32
  • Printing
  • In roller printing the design is etched on copper
    rollers. A separate cylinder is used for each
    color.
  • In rotary screen printing, the design is
    transferred onto a cylinder-shaped screen.
    There is a cylinder for each screen. Dye is
    forced through a pattern of holes in each screen.
  • This is one of the newest and fasting
    printing methods.

33
2.9 Identify fabric finishes
  • Performance Finishes
  • Antistatic prevent garments from cling to the
    wearer.
  • Crease/wrinkle Resistant is treated with resins
    to help the fabric resists wrinkles.
  • Durable/permanent Press heat sets fabrics or
    garments without using resins.
  • Flame-Resistant cuts off the oxygen supply or
    changes the chemical make up fibers as a fabric
    burns. This causes the flame to extinguish
    itself.
  • Mildew Resistant has a metallic chemical applied
    to the fabric to prevent mildew from forming.
  • Mercerization is chemically treating fabric to
    improve luster, strength, and absorbency

34
  • Moth Repellant has chemicals added to dye baths
    to slightly change wool fibers so moths and
    carpet beetles will be repelled.
  • Preshrunk fabrics are shrunk by moisture and heat
    and will not shrink more than 3 unless otherwise
    stated.
  • Sanforized is a trademark that means that
    fabrics have been processed so they will not
    shrink more than 1 in either direction.
  • Soil Release allows fabrics to be more easily
    wetted, allowing detergents to better job.
  • Stain-Resistant finish cause fabrics to repel
    food, water, and other substances by reducing
    absorbency.
  • Water-Repellant and Water-proof is applied to
    tightly woven fabrics to help them resist water.

35
  • Texture Finishes
  • Calendaring finish has heat and pressure applied
    to the fabric to produce a smooth polished
    surface.
  • Napping raises the short, loose fibers on the
    fabric surface to make it soft and fuzzy. 
  • Sizing has a starch or resin applied to fabrics
    to increase weight, body, and luster.
  • Weighting is the addition of metallic salts to
    silk.

36
2.10 Describe laws and regulations related to
clothing and textile industries
  • The Textile Fiber Products Identification Act
    (TFPIA) requires labels to tell what fibers are
    in the textile.
  • The Care Labeling Rule states that all clothing
    (except hosiery) give clear, uniform, and
    detailed instructions for care and maintenance.
  • The Flammable Fabrics Act specifies flammability
    standards for household textiles and apparel.

37
2.11 Name consumer rights and responsibilities
regarding clothing and textiles
  • Information cover in CM 1.16
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