Title: Clothing Management
1Clothing Management
Tonja Bolding Lakeside High School
2Unit 2 terms
- 1. blends -in clothing, a term to refer to
combining different fibers into one yarn - 2. care label -a label inside a garment
describing its fiber content and how to care for
it - 3. cellulose fibers -fibers made from plant
(wood) sources - 4. fabric finish -treatment given to clothing to
improve appearance, texture, or performance - 5. fiber -a basic unit from which fabric is made
- 6. grain line -a line on a pattern piece with
arrows that show how to place the pattern on the
straight grain of the fabric - 7. gray (greige) goods -unfinished fabric that
lacks color when it first comes from the loom - 8. hang tag -a tag providing information about
the garment to which it is attached, such as
price and size
3- 9. knitted fabric -fabric made by looping yarns
together - 10. manufactured fiber -fibers not found in
nature - 11. natural fiber -a fiber that comes from plants
or hair of animals - 12. non-woven fabric -fabric made using heat,
moisture, and/or adhesive - 13. permanent finish -a fabric finish that lasts
the entire life of the garment - 14. pill -small balls of fiber that form on the
surface of fabric - 15. ply yarn -yarn made by twisting two or more
single yarns together - 16. woven fabric -made by interlacing lengthwise
and crosswise yarns - 17. yarn -fibers twisted together or laid side by
side -
4 2.1 Name textile uses
- Clothing is not the only use of textile products.
- Textiles are used to make sheets, towels,
upholstery, carpets, umbrellas, filters, space
suits, etc.. - Football turf is made from textiles.
- Artificial hearts use textiles as well.
- Textiles are used for everything from blouses to
buildings.
5 Natural Fibers
2.2 Differentiate between natural and
manufactured fibers
- Natural fibers come from plants or the hair of
animals. - Cotton, linen, wool,and silk are the most common
natural fibers. - Quality varies on the type of plant or animal and
the growing conditions. - They have unique characteristics that cannot be
copied by science. -
6 Examples of Natural Fibers
- Cotton is a natural cellulosic fiber obtained
from the cotton plant. - Advantages- strong, launders well, inexpensive,
comfortable, wide variety of uses - Disadvantages- shrinks in hot water, mildews if
out in damp storage, wrinkles easily - Uses- outer wear, underwear,
- home furnishing
7- Flax is the fiber used to make linen.
- Advantages-strongest of natural fibers, durable,
lint free, stands high temperatures - Disadvantages-expensive, wrinkles easy unless
treated, has color loss - Uses- Clothing (suits, handkerchiefs) Home
furnishings (draperies, tablecloths)
linen fabric
Egyptian flax
8- Ramie comes from a plant often grown in China and
India. Often called China Grass. - Advantages-strong, durable, dries quickly,
absorbs moisture - Disadvantages-wrinkles easily, stiff and wire
like, and coarse - Uses- cords, can be combined with other fabrics
to make home furnishings, and combined with other
natural and manufactured fibers in wearing apparel
Ramie is often blended with cotton
ramie plant
9 Other uses of Natural Fibers
- Jute is used to make rope and burlap.
- Hemp is used to make rope, cording for jewelry
making, clothing and accessories.
10- Wool is made from the fleece of sheep or lambs.
- Advantages-warmest of all fibers, wrinkle
resistant, durable, combines with other fibers
successfully - Disadvantages-expensive, shrink and mat
- when moisture applied, absorbs odors
- Uses-clothing (outerwear, sweaters) home
furnishings(blankets, rugs, upholstery)
11- Silk is obtained by the unwinding of a silkworms
cocoon. - Advantages-strong but lightweight, soil resistant
- Disadvantages-dry-cleaning, yellows with age,
expensive - Uses-Clothing (wedding dresses, blouses) home
furnishings(lampshades, wall hangings)
12 Specialty Hair Fibers
camels hair
angora goat
alpaca
guanaco
llama
cashmere goat
vicuna
13 Manufactured Fibers
- Manufactured fibers are not found in nature.
- They surround you. They are in your clothes, on
your furniture, at your school, and in your car. - Rayon was the first commercially produced fiber.
-
14 Rayon
- Rayon is very much like cotton.
- Advantages-drapes well, comfortable, soft,
inexpensive - Disadvantages-weak when wet, stretches, will
mildew - Uses-Blouses, dresses, curtains, bedding
15 Acetate
- It looks and feels luxurious. It takes dye well.
- Advantages- drapes well, inexpensive, easy to dye
- Disadvantages- weak, special care for cleaning,
heat sensitive - Uses-dresses, scarves, shirts
16 Triacetate
- Triacetate is similar to acetate in appearance.
- Advantages-easy to care for, does not shrink,
resists wrinkles and fading - Disadvantages-weak, nonabsorbent
- Use-blouses, dresses, lightweight knits
17 Nylon
- Nylon is very strong and durable.
- Advantages-lightweight,dries quickly, retains
shape, easy care - Disadvantages-damaged by sun, surface pills, heat
sensitive - Uses-casual tops, camisoles, slips, windbreakers
18 Polyester
- Very versatile. Almost any appearance and texture
can be achieved. - Advantages-easy care, resistant to wrinkles,
strong/durable, easy to dye - Disadvantages-takes oily stains, low absorbency,
static buildup - Uses-underwear, carpets, childrens wear
19 Olefin
- Lightest fiber made. Floats on water and has
very low absorption - Advantages-Strong/durable, inexpensive, very
lightweight - Disadvantages-heat sensitive, poor dye ability,
non absorbent - Uses- upholster, outdoor furniture
20 Acrylic
- Often used as a replacement for wool. It is
soft, warm and lightweight - Advantages-keeps it shape well, resists sunlight,
chemicals and wrinkles - Disadvantages-pills, static electricity
- Uses-sportswear, sweaters, blankets
21 Modacrylic
- Flame resistant, soft and warm
- Advantages-resists shrinkage and chemicals,
retains shape, easy to dye - Disadvantages-weak, static buildup
- Uses-fake fur, wigs, carpets, blankets
22 Spandex
- Elastic like rubber
- Advantages-very elastic, smooth, lightweight,
easy care, resists sunlight, oil and perspiration - Disadvantages-yellows with age, heat sensitive,
harmed by bleach - Uses-swimwear, skiwear, exercise and dance wear
23 2.3 Distinguish between staple and filament fibers
- Staple Fibers
- Staple fibers are short strands of fibers.
- Most natural fibers are staple.
- Manufactured fibers can be made into staple
fibers. - Filament Fibers
- A filament is a long continuous strand of fiber.
- Any manufactured fiber can be made in filament
form. - Silk is the only natural fiber that is a
filament.
24 2.4 Identify generic and tradename fibers
Generic fiber is the name of the fiber. They can
be natural or manufactured.
- acetate
- acrylic
- aramid
- azlon
- cotton
- flax
- glass
- metallic
- modacrylic
- novoloid
- nylon
-
- olefin
- polyester
- ramie
- rayon
- rubber
- saran
- silk
- spandex
- triacetate
- vinyon
- wool
25Tradename is the identifying name, symbol, or
design, that sets a manufacturers product apart
from similar products or competitors. May feature
the trademark symbol and will be capitalized.
- Acrilan
- Canrrece
- Celeanese
- Cepeset
- Chromspu
- Coolmax
- Cleerspun
- Creslan
- Dacron
- Duarspun
- Estron
- Fibro
- Fortrel
-
-
-
- Galaxy
- Herculon
- Lurex
- Lycra
- Microloft
- MicroSafe
- Orlan
- SEF Plus
- Spectra
- Trevira
- Viscose
- Zantrel
- Zeftron
262.5 State procedures for making fibers into yarn.
- Cotton Fiber to Yarn (Natural Fiber)
- Cotton is picked and taken to a gin that
separates the fibers from the seed. - Cotton is compressed into bales.
- It is formed into a lap which is a continuous
layer of fibers that is wrapped around a
cylinder. - Carding pulls the fibers from the lap, cleans and
straightens them into a much thinner web of
fibers. This is done by a carding machine. - These fibers go through a funnel-shaped devise
that molds then into a soft ropelike strand
slightly thicker than your finger called a carded
sliver. - Many carded slivers are combined and stretched
into a single drawn sliver about the diameter of
a single carded sliver in a process called
drawing. - Combing is done to make fibers even more parallel
and to remove any short fibers which makes long,
smoother, stronger yarns. - Fibers are fed into a roving frame where it is
twisted slightly and pulled to become a smaller
stand called roving about the size of a pencil. - Spinning machines pull the roving finer, add more
twist and winds the yarn (fibers twisted together
or laid side by side) on bobbins.
27Manufactured Fibers into Yarn
- Solid raw material is changed into a liquid.
- The liquid is extruded through a spinneret which
is like a shower head. - It hardens in the form of a fiber.
- To make a filament yarn, a few filaments are
twisted together into yarns. - To make staple yarns, filaments are cut into
short lengths and later spun into yarns
28 2.6 Discuss basic methods of fabric construction
- Woven fabric is made by interlacing lengthwise
and crosswise yarns - created on a machine called a loom.
- Knitted fabric is made by looping yarns together
29Weaves
2.7 Identify types of weaves and knits
- plain weave is made by passing a filling yarn
over one warp yarn and then under one warp yarn.
Over one under one pattern. - muslin
- twill weave is made when a yarn in one direction
floats(passes) over two or more yarns in the
other direction. - denim
- satin weave is made by floating a yarn from one
direction over four or more yarns from the other
direction then under one yarn. - satin fabric
30 Knits
- weft knitting is the process of knitting in which
loops are made as yarn is added in the crosswise
direction of the fabric. - T-shirts
- hosiery
- warp knitting is the process of knitting in which
loops are made by one or more sets of warps
yarns. - Tricot jersey
- lace
31 2.8 Discuss processes for dyeing and printing
fabrics
- Dyeing
- Solution dyeing is the process of dyeing
manufactured fibers by adding dye to the liquid
before the fiber is forced through the spinneret.
- Fiber dyeing is the process of dyeing fibers
before they are spun into yarns. - Stock dyeing is the process of adding dye to
loose fibers. - Yarn dyeing is a dyeing process in which yarns
are first wound onto spools and than placed in a
dye bath. - Piece dyeing is the process of adding dye after
the fabric has been made.
32 - Printing
- In roller printing the design is etched on copper
rollers. A separate cylinder is used for each
color. - In rotary screen printing, the design is
transferred onto a cylinder-shaped screen.
There is a cylinder for each screen. Dye is
forced through a pattern of holes in each screen. - This is one of the newest and fasting
printing methods.
33 2.9 Identify fabric finishes
- Performance Finishes
- Antistatic prevent garments from cling to the
wearer. - Crease/wrinkle Resistant is treated with resins
to help the fabric resists wrinkles. - Durable/permanent Press heat sets fabrics or
garments without using resins. - Flame-Resistant cuts off the oxygen supply or
changes the chemical make up fibers as a fabric
burns. This causes the flame to extinguish
itself. - Mildew Resistant has a metallic chemical applied
to the fabric to prevent mildew from forming. - Mercerization is chemically treating fabric to
improve luster, strength, and absorbency
34 - Moth Repellant has chemicals added to dye baths
to slightly change wool fibers so moths and
carpet beetles will be repelled. - Preshrunk fabrics are shrunk by moisture and heat
and will not shrink more than 3 unless otherwise
stated. - Sanforized is a trademark that means that
fabrics have been processed so they will not
shrink more than 1 in either direction. - Soil Release allows fabrics to be more easily
wetted, allowing detergents to better job. - Stain-Resistant finish cause fabrics to repel
food, water, and other substances by reducing
absorbency. - Water-Repellant and Water-proof is applied to
tightly woven fabrics to help them resist water.
35- Texture Finishes
- Calendaring finish has heat and pressure applied
to the fabric to produce a smooth polished
surface. - Napping raises the short, loose fibers on the
fabric surface to make it soft and fuzzy. - Sizing has a starch or resin applied to fabrics
to increase weight, body, and luster. - Weighting is the addition of metallic salts to
silk.
362.10 Describe laws and regulations related to
clothing and textile industries
- The Textile Fiber Products Identification Act
(TFPIA) requires labels to tell what fibers are
in the textile. - The Care Labeling Rule states that all clothing
(except hosiery) give clear, uniform, and
detailed instructions for care and maintenance. - The Flammable Fabrics Act specifies flammability
standards for household textiles and apparel.
372.11 Name consumer rights and responsibilities
regarding clothing and textiles
- Information cover in CM 1.16