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Political Parties

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Title: Political Parties

1
Political Parties
2
In todays society

A political party is a group of citizens who
agree on major issues facing the nation. These
groups work to create public policies that
reflect their views.

In his farewell address, George Washington shared
his feelings on political parties

4
He defined parties as
Combinations and associations with the real
goal to direct, control or counteract the
regular action of the authorities.
Groups
of
controlling or interfering with
government business.
5
the alternate triumphs of different
parties make the public administration the
mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous
projects of faction, rather than the organ of
consistent and wholesome plans digested by
common counsels and modified by mutual interests.
back and forth victories
government
reflect the hostile
contradictory two-party system
organization where
Steady and good
are discussed by all parties
through polite debate
6
Parties are likely, in the course of time and
things, to become potent engines, by which
cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will
be enabled to subvert the power of the people
and to usurp for themselves the reins of
government...
over time
powerful tools
which sneaky, power-hungry politicians
take away the voice of the people
take over
7
The alternate domination of one faction over
another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge,
natural to party dissension, which in different
ages and countries has perpetrated the most
horrid enormities, is itself a frightful
despotism
The back and forth
party
is hostile because when one party gains power it
wants revenge on the other party
times and places
caused
extremes
the opposite of democratic.
8
Basically, you guys Im not a big fan of
political parties.
9
Yet.
10
Political Parties Emerge
vs.
11
Republicans Against Federalists
12
The Election of 1796

Democratic-Republican Federalist

Thomas Jefferson was attacked and accused of
being too
pro-French and
an atheist.

John Adams was assaulted as
an elitist,
pro-monarchy, and personally
cantankerous.

15
But it gets worse

James Callender, a journalist friend of
Jeffersons, told the country that Adams was an
angry liar, that he was "repulsive and a "gross
hypocrite" who behaved neither like a man nor
like a woman,
but instead possessed a "hideous hermaphroditical
character".

16
There was also a nasty rumor that Adams had sent
his vice-president to Europe to bring back four
mistresses, two for each of them.
17
And worse still (worser?)

the president of Yale warned that if Jefferson
came to power, we may see our wives and
daughters the victims of legal prostitution.

A Connecticut newspaper warned that his election
would mean "murder, robbery, rape, adultery and
incest will openly be taught and practiced"

18
In the election of 1828
19

In the 1828 election, Andrew Jackson's supporters
distributed handbills portraying John Quincy
Adams as driving away a "crippled old soldier"
who asked for charity, with a horsewhip, no less.

Adams's supporters put out handbills decrying
Jackson's reputation as a military hero by
painting the general's execution of six deserting
soldiers as a bloodthirsty act.

Jackson's supporters replied with handbills
suggesting that Jackson had not executed the
soldiers but "swallowed them whole, coffins and
all, without the slightest attempt at
mastication!!!!!! chewing"

21
In 1835
22

In 1835, Davy Crockett, described Martin Van
Buren's face as "a good deal shrivelled,"
compared Van Buren to "dung" and described his
personality as "secret, sly, selfish, cold,
calculating."

Then he got nasty. Van Buren, he wrote, was "a
dandy. When he enters the Senate chamber in the
morning, he struts and swaggers like a crow in
the gutter.
He is laced up in corsets, such as women in a
town wear, and, if possible, tighter than the
best of them."

24
I told you so
25
6 Party Systems in US
1796-1824
1828-1856
1860-1892
1896-1928
1932-1964
1968-present
Federalists vs. Jeffersonian Democratic-
Republicans
Jacksonian Democrats v Whigs
Republican dominance -- fought slavery and put
the Union back together
2nd Republican dominance w/ Big Business and the
middle class
Dem dominance w/ FDR Coalition (urban dwellers,
labor unions, Catholics, Jews, poor, Southerners,
Blacks, farmers)
Era of divided government
26
ERA of Divided GOVT

Split-ticket voting
Prez one party (typically Rep) and Congress of
another (typically Dem)
Party dealignment more independents

27
THREE COMPONENTS PARTY MODEL
28
1 PARTY-IN-THE- ELECTORATE
CITIZENS WHO IDENTIFY WITH THE PARTY
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37
34
32
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2 PARTY-IN-GOVERNMENT
THOSE ELECTED OR APPOINTED TO OFFICES AS MEMBERS
OF A PARTY
33
U.S. Senate
34
House of Representatives
35
Membership435 Reps. Party Divisions193 Democrats242 Republicans Membership100 SenatorsParty Divisions53 Democrats47 Republicans
36
Whos Who in Party Politics?
37
A
B
C
D
E
F
38
John Boehner (R-OH) Speaker of the House
THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE IS ALWAYS FROM THE
MAJORITY PARTY
39
Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) House Minority Leader
Speaker of the House until 2010, when Republican
gained control!
40
Debbie Wasserman SchultzDemocratic Party
Chairman
41
Reince PriebusRepublican Party Chairman
42
Harry ReidSenate Majority Leader (D-NV)
43
Mitch McConnell (R-KY)Senate Minority Leader
44
President Barack Obama(D)
45
3 PARTY-AS-AN- ORGANIZATION
DAY-TO-DAY "PROFESSIONALS" WHO ORGANIZE RUN THE
PARTY
46
PARTY FUNCTIONS
47
BUSH ACCEPTS IN 2000
NOMINATION FUNCTION
48
The Functions of the Party

To NOMINATE- winning your partys nomination
gets you on the ballot. (most federal and state
elections).

49
FUND-RAISING FUNCTION
Lets see! https//donate.barackobama.com/page/con
tribute/dnc08splashnd
50
CAMPAIGNING FUNCTION
51
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53
"THIS IS WHY HE IS THE BEST!"
INFORMATION FUNCTION
54
PARTIES PROVIDE VOTERS WITH CUES
55
PUBLIC OPINION SHOWS THAT MORE AND MORE AMERICANS
ARE GETTING FED UP78 of Americans Think the
Economy Is in Bad Shape 74 Say It's Not Getting
Better
56
At last nights State of the Union address,
President Bush proved again why his domestic and
foreign policy agenda is right for America. The
President outlined his proposals to grow the
economy and create jobs and defend peace and
security at home and abroad.
57
VOTERS CAN RECOGNIZE THE LEANINGS OF CANDIDATES-
THIS HELPS TO SIMPLIFY THE PROCESS MAKES IT
ACCESSIBLE TO THOSE WITH LIMITED KNOWLEDGE
58
MOBILIZATION FUNCTION
59
Lets see how they mobilize

Grassroots- starting on the local level and
having your voice heard, then moving to the state
and finally the national seen
Mass mobilization- getting as many people as you
can to write, protest, give money, take action,
etc..

60
NATIONAL
STATE LOCAL
GOVERNING FUNCTION
61
PROCEDURES, POLICIES, PROCESSES ARE ALL
ORGANIZED ALONG PARTY LINES
PARTY
62
What are the differences in ideology?
Key Issue Liberal L Conservative C
Cut taxes
More social welfare
Tough on crime
Death penalty
Gun control
Abortion Rights
Defence spending
Gay rights
Small government
Prayer in public schools
Support
Support
Support
Support
Support
Support
Support
Support
Support
Support
63
WHY ONLY TWO PARTIES?
64
WHO MAKES THE ELECTION LAWS? DO YOU THINK EITHER
PARTY WANTS TO ALLOW OTHERS TO PLAY?
65
Georgia passed a law in 1943 requiring that new
party and independent candidates submit a
petition signed by 5 of the number of registered
voters in order to get on the ballot for any
office. The result has been that since 1943,
there has not been one third party candidate on
the Georgia ballot for U.S. House of Reps.
66
"It takes five times as many more
petition signatures for our party to be on the
ballot than a major name candidate,"
MINOR PARTIES
67
Comparisons With Other Nations

In Europe, a multi-party system is used that
gives equal opportunity for all parties to be
elected into power.
However, in the United States, our two-party
system often discourages other groups from
voicing their opinions on a national level.
It is very difficult for a third party candidate
to be a viable contender in elections.
Many voters have lost a sense of commitment to
party identification.

68
Advantages to a 2-Party System

Provides opportunity for those with strong
political preference to participate in parties so
they dont create factions.
Membership to a political party does not require
as much of a commitment as those of small parties
in Europe no dues must be paid, meetings are not
mandatory, and official membership is not
required.

69
Ideological Third Parties

An ideology is a body of ideas put forth by a
person or group.
Third parties are often formed to support a
specific issue. These rise and fall over time.
Ideological parties want to change society in
major ways.

70
Third Parties

Many people arent satisfied with the 2 main
parties - they feel that Democrats and
Republicans dont truly represent their views and
interests.
Issue oriented Doctrinal Leader Driven (Perots
Reform party, TRs Bull Moose)
Third parties often help decide who wins the
presidential election (1992 and 2000).
Their most important role is to influence policy
on one or more issues
Hurt by single-member, winner take all districts
and electoral college winner-take-all system

71
SomeThird Party Movements

Republicans - emerged in 1854 as the first third
party that has gained major party status
Bull Moose - started by Theodore Roosevelt while
he campaigned for president in 1912, this divided
many Republicans and enabled Woodrow Wilson to
win

72
Cult of Personality

Some third parties form from the efforts of
famous people.
If they cannot gain support from one of the major
parties, they form their own.
H. Ross Perots Reform Party was a force in the
1992 and 1996 elections..
These parties usually fade after their candidate
is defeated.

73
More Third Party Movements

Greens - against corporate donations to
parties and have been credited for Gores
loss/Bushs win in 2000
Ralph Nader
Libertarians - believe that all people have an
inalienable set of rights that cannot be
annulled, given up or taken away in the interests
of a larger group.

74
Minor Parties