Development of Political Parties

1
Development of Political Parties

• Ch. 16 section 1

2
Political Parties

• Group of people with broad common interests who
  organize to win elections, control govt., and
  thereby influence govt. policies

3
One-Party System

• Found in authoritarian govt. through force
• Ex China, Cuba, North Korea
• Also found in a Theocracy govt. dominated by
  religion
• Ex Iran

4
Multiparty Systems

• When many political parties exist
• Ex Italy (10) and France (5)
• Represent different ideologies basic beliefs
  about govt.
• Because it is difficult for one party to control
  govt., they often combine forces to form a
  coalition govt.

5
Two Party System

• Govt. in which two political parties compete for
  power
• Ex United States

6
Growth of American Parties

• Began with Federalist v. Anti-federalists
• Federalist supported strong central govt. and
  Anti-federalist (later known as
  Democratic-Republicans) supported more state
  power
• Democratic-Republicans dominated until they split
  into the Democrat party and the Whig party
• Whig party later became known as the Republican
  party

7
Third Parties

• Any party other than one of the two major parties
• Also known as minor parties
• There are 3 types single issue, ideological,
  and splinter party

8
Single-Issue Party

• Focuses on one major social, economic, or moral
  issue
• Ex. Free Soil Party and Liberty Party
• Usually short-lived

9
Ideological Party

• Focuses on overall change in society rather than
  on one issue
• Ex. Socialist Party, Libertarian Party,
  Communist Party

10
Splinter Party

• Party that splits away from one of the major
  parties over a disagreement
• Ex. Theodore Roosevelt left Republican party to
  form Bull Moose Party (Progressive)

11
Impact of Third Parties

• Although third parties cannot win national
  elections, they can still influence the results
• Ex Ralph Nader in 2000 and Ross Perot in 1992

12
Obstacles to Third Parties

• Ballot access
• Single-member districts when only one person
  can represent a district, regardless of how many
  run for office
• Proportional representation offices are filled
  in proportion to the votes that each party's
  candidates receive
• Financing campaigns