Bloodborne Pathogens

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Bloodborne Pathogens
.
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Introduction

• Bloodborne Pathogens may be present in blood,
  body fluids and tissue of infected patients
• Some Examples Are
• Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Human Immunodeficiency
  Virus (HIV)

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Introduction
Approximately 5.5 million workers are at risk of
exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens (OSHA Office of
Training and Education)

• OSHA regulates exposure control through- The
  Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
• (Code of Federal Regulations Chapter 29 Section
  1910.1030)

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Applicability

• The Standard applies to Anyone who may
  potentially or reasonably anticipated exposure to
  Bloodborne Pathogens.

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Most Common and Our Focus

• Hepatitis B (HBV)
• Hepatitis C (HCV)
• Human Immuno- Virus (HIV)
• However methods used to control occupational
  exposure is the same for all.
• Universal Precautions

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Who are at risk?

• Individuals that come into contact with blood and
  body fluids
• Potentially. All of us.

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Modes of Transmission

• Carried in blood and other body fluids of an
  infected person
• Can be transmitted through exposure of blood or
  body fluid through
• Direct Contact of mouth, eyes, mucous membranes,
  open and non-intact skin(sores)
• Ingestion (swallowing material) via contamination
• Contaminated needle or other sharp item that
  penetrates or breaks skin barrier and introduces
  it to the body

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Requirements for Transmission

• These factors determine risk of transmission of
  exposure
• First Host must be exposed
• Host must be susceptible
• Route of entry may vary risk (open sores vs
  mouth)
• Adequate amount of pathogen in material
• Immunity capability of the Host

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What are Universal Precautions

• Treat every Potentially infectious Material as if
  it were infectious.
• Treat All blood body fluids the same.
• Treat All persons as if infected.

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How will I know what to do?

• Education- training
• Implementation of the Bloodborne Pathogen
  Exposure Control Plan
• Discuss tasks where exposure is likely to occur
• Describes measures taken to protect employees

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Methods to reduce or eliminate exposure potential

• Work practice controls
• Engineering Controls
• Administrative Controls
• Personal Protective Equipment

Remember Universal Precautions/ Standard
Precautions Methods to control occupational
exposure Is the SAME for ALL. Treat as if they
were infected
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How do exposures occur?

• Needlestick- Most Common
• Cuts from other sharp instruments sharps
  (Broken Contaminated Glass)
• Contact of Mucous Membrane by infected blood or
  body fluid through the eye, nose, mouth
• or
• Broken skin cut or abraded

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UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

• Treat all people the same and as if infected.
• Treat all human blood and certain body fluids as
  if they are infectious
• This must be observed in all situations where
  there is a potential for contact with blood or
  Other Potentially Infectious Material (OPIM)

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Engineering and Work Practice Controls

• These are the primary methods used to control
  Blood and Body Fluid exposures and transmission
  of diseases such as HIV, HBV.
• When occupational exposures still remain after
  successful implementation of engineering and work
  practice controls Personal Protective Equipment
  must be used.

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Engineering Controls

• They protect by removing exposure to the hazard
  or isolating the worker
• Examples Include
• Sharps disposal containers

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Work-practice Controls

• Hand washing after removing gloves and as soon as
  possible following an exposure
• No bending or breaking sharps
• No recapping needles
• No food or drink in work areas

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Examples

• Gloves
• Gowns
• Face shield when there is potential for splash
• Eye protection
• Mouth pieces and resuscitation devices

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Housekeeping and Disinfecting

• Surfaces must be cleaned with an appropriate
  detergent
• Surfaces must be disinfected with an appropriate
  disinfectant
• After completion of a procedure
• When surfaces or contaminated
• At regular intervals
• ( 1 part bleach to 20 parts H20)

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Laundry

• Handle laundry as little as possible using
  appropriate PPE
• Must be bagged or containerized at location of
  use
• No sorting or rinsing at location of use
• Must be placed and transported in labeled or
  color coded containers

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Hepatitis B Vaccination
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Hepatitis B Vaccination

• Three injections over the course of a 6 month
  period.
• Recommended for all individuals at risk, and is
  now mandated as part of the required
  immunizations for children.

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Actions to TakeIf Exposed To Blood and Body
Fluid

• Wash exposed area with soap and water, unless
  exposure is to the Eyes
• IF eyes rinse with water from eyewash for 15
  minutes.
• Flush out splashes nose, mouth or skin with water
• Notify your healthcare provider as soon as
  possible.

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