Bloodborne Pathogens

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Bloodborne Pathogens

• Training for School Personnel

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Objectives

• Define bloodborne pathogens (BBPs)
• Identify three most common BBPs
• Describe mode of transmission of BBPs
• Identify steps to take to reduce risk of exposure
  to BBPs
• Describe procedures to follow if an exposure
  incident occurs

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Exposure Control Plan

• MINIMUM STANDARD
• This plan is provided by the department to be
  analogous with Title 29 Code of Federal
  Regulation 1910.1030, Occupational Safety and
  Health Administration (OSHA), Bloodborne
  Pathogens Standard as specified in Health and
  Safety Code, 81.304.
• PURPOSE
• The Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan is
  to reduce or eliminate occupational exposure to
  bloodborne pathogens and other potentially
  infectious material.
• REVIEW
• Employers review annually the exposure control
  plan, update when necessary, and document when
  accomplished. Annual training will be conducted
  for all district employees and for all new hires
  within 30 days.
• Copies of this plan can be found in the main
  office and nurses office at each school campus.

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Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs)

• Disease-causing organisms found in the blood or
  body fluids of an infected person.

• Three most common BBPs
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
• Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus. It is
  the virus that can lead to acquired immune
  deficiency syndrome, or AIDS. CDC estimates that
  about 56,000 people in the United States
  contracted HIV in 2006.
• Primarily spread by having unprotected sexual
  contact, sharing needles/syringes used for
  illicit drug use or being born to an infected
  mother.
• Young people aged 1329 accounted for 39 of all
  new HIV infections in 2009.
• HIV cannot reproduce outside the human body. It
  is not spread by
• Air or water, insects, including mosquitoes,
  saliva, tears, or sweat, casual contact like
  shaking hands or sharing dishes,
• closed-mouth or social kissing.

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Hepatitis B

• Hepatitis B is a contagious liver disease that
  results from infection with the Hepatitis B
  virus.
• Hepatitis B can live on surfaces for 7-10 days
• Hepatitis B is usually transmitted
• -Birth (spread from an infected mother to her
  baby during birth).
• -Sex with an infected partner.
• -Sharing needles, syringes, or other
  drug-injection equipment.
• -Sharing items such as razors or toothbrushes
  with an infected person.
• -Direct contact with the blood or open sores of
  an infected person.
• -Exposure to blood from needle sticks or other
  sharp instruments.

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Hepatitis B Vaccine

• The best way to prevent Hepatitis B is by getting
  vaccinated.
• Recommended for all high risk groups
• Safe
• 3 shots- initial , 1mo., 6mo.
• Life long immunity

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Hepatitis C

• Hepatitis C is a contagious liver disease that
  results from infection with the Hepatitis C
  virus.
• There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C.
• Hepatitis C is usually transmitted
• -Sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment
  to inject drugs.
• -Needle stick injuries in health care
  settings.
• -Being born to a mother who has Hepatitis C.

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Transmission

• BBPs at work are transmitted mostly by
• A contaminated sharp puncture the skin
• Contaminated blood coming into contact with
  broken skin or mucous membranes of eyes, nose or
  mouth

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Transmission cont.

• How BBPs are NOT spread
• Through air, like cold or flu.
• Through casual contact.
• Through coughing, sneezing, kiss on the cheek,
  hugs, drinking fountains, mosquitoes or food.

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Universal Precautions

• Universal precautions are practices procedures
  that can help prevent the transmission of BBPs.
• Consider every person a possible carrier of a
  bloodborne pathogen and treat his/her blood and
  body fluids as if they were infected.
• Washing hands with soap and water is the best way
  to reduce the number of germs on them.

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Good Handwashing

• What is the right way to wash your hands?
• Wet your hands with clean running water (warm or
  cold) and apply soap.
• Rub your hands together to make a lather and
  scrub them well be sure to scrub the backs of
  your hands, between your fingers, and under your
  nails.
• Continue rubbing your hands for at least 20
  seconds. Need a timer? Hum the "Happy Birthday"
  song from beginning to end twice.
• Rinse your hands well under running water.
• Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Equipment that protects you from contact with
  blood or other potentially infectious materials
  (OPIMs).
• Gloves
• Gowns, aprons, lab coats
• Face shields, protective eyewear
• Masks, mouth pieces, resuscitation bags

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PPE cont. First Aid

• Every school bus has a first aid and biohazard
  kit.
• Every Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) in
  the school has an accessory pouch that includes
  gloves and a CPR mask.
• For minor cuts and scrapes,
• encourage the victim to
• self-administer first aid.
• For more serious injuries, put on a pair of
  gloves, available in the school nurses office,
  before you administer first aid.

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PPE - Gloves

• Slip each hand into a clean glove, pulling it
  snugly over the fingers to assure a good fit.
• Pull glove over the wrist as far as it will go to
  maximize coverage.
• Do not reuse gloves

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PPE cont. Safe Removal of Gloves

1. Remove gloves by turning the glove inside out as
   it is pulled over the hand.
2. During the removal of the second glove, avoid
   touching the outer surface by slipping the
   fingers of the ungloved hand under the glove and
   pulling it inside out as it is pulled over the
   hand.
3. Throw away promptly in a lined waste container.
   Never touch the outside of the gloves with your
   bare skin.
4. Every time you remove your gloves, wash your
   hands with soap and running water as soon as you
   possibly can.

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Cleaning Up

• Cleaning up blood or body fluids on surfaces
• Wear gloves
• Call a custodian - Custodians will use germicidal
  cleaners which kill bloodborne pathogens (Quat,
  10 bleach solution, Saniwipes).
• Carefully cover the spill with paper towels then
  carefully pour an EPA approved cleansing solution
  over the area and leave it for 10 minutes to
  kill any BBPs.
• Items contaminated with blood should be disposed
  of in a plastic lined pail. If very large
  amounts of blood are present, biohazard disposal
  bags are used (available in the school health
  office).

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Cleaning Up

• Watch for fluorescent orange-red labels, red
  bags, and containers with a biohazard symbol.
  This symbol will warn you when the contents of
  containers are used for waste, storage, or
  shipping contain blood or OPIMs.
• If you empty garbage cans or laundry bins, always
  pick up and carry by the top.
• Never hold next to your body or support with your
  hand underneath
• Sharp objects can penetrate bags and cut you.

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Cleaning Up

• Disposing of contaminated waste
• Wear gloves
• Place contaminated items in a leak proof bag
• Place securely fastened bag in a plastic lined
  trash container
• Contaminated waste that would release blood when
  compressed, must be placed in a biohazard bag and
  disposed of separate from regular trash notify
  supervisor and school nurse immediately
• Discard gloves

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Cleaning Up

• Contaminated sharps
• Use caution, wear gloves
• Do not break, bend or recap the needle
• Use a broom and dustpan to pick up and discard.
• Place the items in a closable, leak proof,
  puncture resistant container.

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Cleaning Up

• Sports Equipment
• Use an EPA-registered disinfectant solution to
  clean and decontaminate sports items and
• equipment that has come in contact with blood and
  OPIM.

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What to do if Exposed

• DONT PANIC!
• Immediately wash the affected area with soap and
  water
• Flush eyes, nose, mouth with large amounts of
  water for 15 mins.
• Report incident to your school nurse and
  principal
• Ensure source of exposure remains available

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Frequently Asked Questions

• What if I need to give mouth-to-mouth
  resuscitation?

• Use pocket mask found in AED accessory package OR
  
• Hands-Only CPR has been shown to be as effective
  as conventional CPR for sudden cardiac arrest at
  home, at work or in public. It can double or even
  triple a victims chance of survival.
• no documented cases of BBPs passed through CPR

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Frequently Asked Questions

• What if I am not near a sink or running
  water?

If soap and water are not available, use an
alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at
least 60 alcohol. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers
can quickly reduce the number of germs on hands
in some situations, but sanitizers do not
eliminate all types of germs.
Since this is only a temporary measure, wash the
area with soap and running water as soon a
possible.
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Additional Tips

• Keep soiled hands away from eyes, nose and mouth

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Additional Tips

• ALWAYS wash your hands
• Before, during, and after preparing food
• Before eating food
• Before and after caring for someone who is sick
• Before and after treating a cut or wound
• After using the toilet
• After changing diapers or cleaning up a child who
  has used the toilet
• After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing
• After touching an animal or animal waste
• After handling pet food or pet treats
• After touching garbage

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Additional Tips

• Wear gloves whenever you may be exposed to
  bloodborne pathogens.

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Additional Tips

• When assisting someone who is bleeding, try to
  get the person to stop the bleeding with direct
  pressure himself.

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Conclusion

• Your risk of being exposed to bloodborne
  pathogens at school is low.
• Remember to use universal precautions if you do
  come into contact with blood- treat all as if
  infected.

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Questions???
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Documentation

• Please print this slide (page 31). Sign, date,
  and turn in to the school nurse.
• I have reviewed the presentation on Bloodborne
  Pathogens and have a full understanding of the
  safe practices that can assist me when dealing
  with situations that might have the potential
  danger of coming into contact with bloodborne
  pathogens and know what to do if I am exposed.
• _____________________ __________
• Signature of Employee Date

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Resources

• http//www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/health/infection_
  control/bloodborne_pathogens/plan/
• http//www.cdc.gov/handwashing/
• http//www.cdc.gov/nchhstp
• http//info.sos.state.tx.us/pls/pub/readtacext.Vi
  ewTAC?tac_view4ti25pt1ch96rlY
• http//www.heart.org/HEARTORG/CPRAndECC/HandsOnlyC
  PR/LearnMore/Learn-More_UCM_440810_FAQ.jsp